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. 2024 Dec 12;14(53):39285–39296. doi: 10.1039/d4ra06071g

Industrial utilization of coal gangue.

Type Carbon content Q (kJ kg−1) Utilization routes
IV >20% 6270–12 550 Power generation, fuels
III 6–20% 2090–6270 Building materials
II 4–6% <2090 Cement filler, landfilling, paving, back filling
I <4% <2090 Cement filler, landfilling, paving, back filling