Table 1.
Maternal characteristics according to the timing GDM onset
| Early-onset (n = 89) | Late-onset (n = 114) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | n (%) | Med (IQR) | p* |
| Non-Caucasian | 14 (15.7%) | 13 (11.4%) | 0.409 |
| Higher educational level | 55 (61.8%) | 73 (64%) | 0.771 |
| C-section | 88 (98.9%) | 112 (98.2%) | 1.000 |
| Previous bariatric surgery | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.9%) | 1.000 |
| Obesity pre-pregnancy | 30 (33.7%) | 26 (22.8%) | 0.113 |
| Med (IQR) | Med (IQR) | ||
| Number of gestations | 2.0 (1.0–2.0) | 2.0 (1.0–2.0) | 0.196 |
| Maternal age (years) | 30.0 (26.0–34.5) | 29.5 (25.0–33.3) | 0.609 |
| First trimester FPG (mg/dL) | 95.0 (93.0–97.0) | 85.0 (80.0–89.0) | 0.000 |
| 75g OGTT (mg/dL) – fasting | 83.0 (78.0–86.5) | 91.7 (80.0–96.0) | 0.000 |
| 75g OGTT (mg/dL)—1h | 134.0 (113.0–150.0) | 167.5 (144.0–184.0) | 0.000 |
| 75g OGTT (mg/dL)—2h | 117.0 (100.0–130.0) | 140.0 (121.0–159.0) | 0.000 |
| BMI (kg/m2) pre-pregnancy | 27.5 (24.1–32.1) | 26.5 (23.8–29.7) | 0.202 |
| BMI (kg/m2) gestation | 31.5 (28.1–36.8) | 30.0 (27.4–33.7) | 0.036 |
n sample, g: mg/dL miligrams per deciliter, FPG fasting plasma glucose, 75g OGTT 75 g oral glucose tolerance test, BMI Body Mass Index; Data are presented in n(%): absolute frequency (n) and percentage (%) or Med (IQR): Median (interquartile range); p-values are based on *Chi-square test or Mann–Whitney U. Significance p < 0.05