Table 1.
Diverse types of rot fungi for lignocellulose biomass (LCB) degradation.
| Type | Example | Substrate | Outcome | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Soft rot | Parascedosporium putredinis NO1 | Wheat straw | Expansion of CaZymes by monooxygenase, oxidative enzymes, and laccase. | Scott et al. 2023 |
|
Xylaria species [Xylaria 1 (OR052384), Xylaria 2 (OR052385), Xylaria 3 (X. curta) (OR052386)] |
Ochroma pyramidale (Balsa), Gmelina arborea (melina), Samanea saman (saman), and Chlorophora tinctoria (mora) | Significant biomass loss; 60% and 25% of Ochroma and Gmelina respectively. | Rajtar et al. 2023 | |
| Brown rot | Gloeophyllum trabecum, Rhodonia placenta | Dendrocalamus sinicus | Hemicellulose and cellulose degradation by xylanase and mannase. | Qi et al. 2022 |
| Gloeophyllum trabecum | Pinus massoniana (Masson pine) | Depolymerisation of cellulose and hemicellulose by non-enzymatic chelator-mediated Fenton (CMF) system resulting in 15.7% biomass loss. | Zhu et al. 2022 | |
| Coniophora puteana, Rhodonia placenta | Scots pine sapwood | Depolymerisation of crystallisation carbohydrates, as well as a rise in lignin’s functionality and aromatic carbonyl content. | Belt et al. 2022 | |
| Rhodonia placenta | Picea abies (spruce wood) | Accumulation of oxalate within the cell wall, depolymerisation of hemicellulose. | Füchtner et al. 2023 | |
| White rot | Trametes versicolor, Gloeophyllum trabeum, and Rhodonia placenta | Dendrocalamus sinicus | T. versicolor degraded starch and pectin, followed by hemicellulose and lignin, G. trabeum and R. placenta degradation occur in the middle stage, with preferential degradation of hemicellulose and cellulose, respectively. | Qi et al. 2022 |
| Coriolopsis trogii | Industrial lignin (C. trogii TS01), Kraft lignin, EHL (Enzyme hydrolysis lignin) | The activity of C. trogii TS01‘s laccase and manganese-dependent peroxidase activity was raised by 24.8%, 164.1%, and 200%, respectively, by 1% EHL + 1% glucose. | Qiu and Liu 2022 | |
| Lentinula edodes | Grape stalks | 52% delignification in 42 days of incubation. | Costa-Silva et al. 2022 | |
| Ganoderma lucidium | Cocoa pods | Low capacity to digest cellulose and hemicellulose, high lignin degradation. | Mustabi et al. 2023 |