Table 3.
Enzymatic and whole-cell immobilisation for continuous FOS generation.
| SN | Microorganism | Sucrose (w/v) |
Optimum |
Carrier | Yield (% w/w sucrose) |
FOS products | Recycling | Reference | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Temp (°C) |
pH | ||||||||
| 1 | Aspergillus tritici BGPUP6 | Inulin (7.0%) |
- | - | Halloysite nanoclay | 99.56% FOS | GF4, GF3, GF2, and FOSs DP5–9 | 3 cycles | Singh and Singh 2022a, 2022b) |
| 2 | A. tritici | Inulin (8.0%) |
60 | 5.0 | Halloysite nanoclay | 95.44% FOS | GF4, GF3, and GF2 | 8 cycles | Singh and Singh (2022b) |
| 3 | A. tritici | Inulin (10%) |
65 | 5.0 | Halloysite nanoclay using 3-amino-propyltriethoxysilane | 98.42% FOS | GF4, GF3, GF2 and FOSs DP 5–9 | 18 cycles | Singh and Singh (2022c) |
| 4 | Aspergillus oryzae IPT-301 | 30 | Polyhydroxybutyrate | 55% FOS | 6 cycles | Araújo et al. (2022) | |||
| 5 | Penicillium brevicompactum FTase in Pichia pastoris GS115 (Muts) | Sucrose (600 g/L) | 45 | 6.0 | Lifetech ECR8285 (methacrylate polymer) | 130–170 g/L | GF4, GF3, and GF2 | - | Fang et al. (2021) |
| 6 | Aspergillus niger ATCC 20611 | Sucrose (50%) |
50 | 5.5 | Mycelia of A. niger | 51.05% FOS | - | 6 cycles | Wang et al. (2021) |
| 7 | Schedonorus arundinaceus (P. pastoris) | 600 g/L | 30 | 5.5 | Calcium-alginate | 55% FOS | 1-Kestotriose and 1,1-Kestotetraose | 15 cycles | Pérez et al. (2021) |
| 8 | Rhodotorula mucilaginosa | Inulin 250 g/L (25%) |
75 | 8.0 | Celite and chicken eggshell | 9.49 g/L | GF3 GF2 |
16 h | de Araujo Ribeiro et al. (2022) |
| 9 | A. oryzae IPT-301 | 47 | 60 | 5.5 | Silica gel | - | GF2 | 6 cycles | Faria et al. (2021) |
| 10 | Aspergillus aculeatus | 700 g/L | 60 | 7.0 | Fe3O4-Chitosan- magnetic nanoparticles | 101.56 g/L | GF3, GF2 | 6 cycles | de Oliveira et al. (2020) |
| 11 | Aspergillus terreus | 1.4–1.9 Molar |
70 | 5.8 | Sepabeads SP70, Amberlite XAD16N, and immobead 150P carriers | 60% FOS yields | GF5, GF4, GF3, and GF2 | - | Burghardt et al. (2020) |
| 12 | Aspergillus tamarii NKRC 1229 | 50 | 20 | 7.0 | Poly-Prep chromatography column | 50% | GF3, GF2 | 10 cycles | Choukade and Kango (2019) |
| 13 | Aureobasidium sp. ATCC 20524 | 100, 300, 600 g/L | 50 | 5.0 | Titanium oxide | 60, 59, 62 | GF4, GF3, and GF2 | 7 cycles | Valdeon et al. (2019) |
| 14 | Aspergillus japonicus (fopA) | 60% | 62 | 5.0 | Amberlite IRA 900 and calcium alginate | 53% and 59% FOS | GF4, GF3, and GF2 | 15 cycles | Bedzo et al. (2019) |
| 15 | Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous | 600 g/L | 30 | 5.0 | Polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel | 18.9% FOS yields | Neokestose, 1-Kestose, neonystose, blastose | 7 cycles | Miguez et al. (2018) |
| 16 | Aspergillus aculeatus M105 | 600 | 65 | 5.0–6.0 | Sodium alginate | 65.47 | GF4, GF3, and GF2 | Huang et al. (2016) | |
| 17 | A. aculeatus | 600 | 50 | 5.5 | Chitosan | 55 | GF3, GF2 | 50 cycles | Lorenzoni et al. (2014) |
| 18 | Aspergillus flavus NFCCI 2364 | 60 | 55 | 5.5–6.0 | Calcium alginate, chitosan | 68 43 |
GF4, GF3, and GF2 | 15 cycles | Ganaie et al. (2014) |
| 19 | Aureobasidium pullulans | 770 | 50 | - | Calcium alginate | 57 | GF4, GF3, and GF2 | 100 days | Jung et al. (2011) |
| 20 | A. japonicus | 165 g/L | - | - | Brewers spent grain, wheat straw, corn cobs, coffee husks, cork oak, loofa sponge | 128.3–138.7 g/L | GF4, GF3, and GF2 | 36 h | Mussatto et al. (2009) |