Table 7.

Detailed echocardiography

Consensus statement on detailed echocardiography	Symbol	Ref
In patients with suspected AMVP, comprehensive echocardiography assessment should include evaluation of leaflet length and thickness measurement, annular dimension, MAD characterization, degenerative MR grading and possibly advanced assessmenta of LV function.		14
Due to the possibility of disease progression, periodic complete transthoracic echocardiography may be advised as part of the routine follow up of AMVPb patients.		Expert consensus
In the work up of patients with frequent PVCs, syncope or aborted cardiac arrest with no other obvious aetiology, the comprehensive echocardiographic study should include the careful assessment of the mitral valve and the mitral annulus to diagnose AMVP.		Expert consensus

^aAdvanced assessment of LV function may be based on the combination of Simpson’s bi-plane methods, assessed by 3D echo and Global Longitudinal Strain by speckle tracking imaging.

^bAMVP—The presence of MVP with or without MAD, frequent ventricular ectopy (≥5% of total beats), complex ectopy or sustained VAs in the absence of any other well-defined arrhythmic substrate (e.g. active ischaemia, ventricular scar due to another defined ethology, primary cardiomyopathy or channelopathy).

AMVP, arrhythmic mitral valve prolapse; MAD, mitral annular disjunction; MR, mitral regurgitation; MVP, mitral valve prolapse; LV, left ventricle; VA, ventricular arrhythmia.