Table 6.

 Summary of ‘stroke history’ as a risk factor for bleeding in AF patients receiving OACs

Study	Subjects (n)	Type of OACs	Definition	Main findings	RR/HR (95% CI)	P value
Pengo et al., 2001	433	VKA	History of thromboembolism	A higher frequency of major primary bleeding in patients who had suffered a previous thromboembolic event	NR	0.03
Fang et al., 2004	1190	VKA	History of cerebrovascular disease	Prevalence of cerebrovascular disease in patients with or without ICH: 37% vs. 20%	NR	NR
Fang et al., 2011	9186	VKA	Prior stroke	Prevalence of prior stroke in patients with or without major bleeding: 17.4% vs. 12.4%	HR 1.4 (1.1–1.9)	0.01
Hankey et al., 2014	14 264	VKA/rivaroxaban	Previous stroke or TIA	Previous stroke or TIA is an independent factor associated with ICH	HR 1.42 (1.02–1.96)	0.036
Hylek et al., 2014	18 122	Apixaban/VKA	Prior stroke/TIA/SE	Rate of ISTH major haemorrhage was 18.9% in patients without history vs. 24.5% in those with history (apixaban) and 19.5% vs. 23.4% (warfarin).	HR 1.23 (1.038–1.45)	0.016
O'Brien et al., 2015	7411	VKA/dabigatran	Prior stroke	Prevalence of prior stroke in patients with or without major bleeding: 13.1% vs. 9.2%	NR	NR

AF, atrial fibrillation; HR, hazard ratio; ICH , intra-cranial haemorrhage; NR, not reported; OACs, oral anticoagulants; OR, odds ratio; RR, relative risk; TIA, transient ischaemic attack; VKA, vitamin K antagonists.