Table 10.

Criteria for diagnosing CKD; estimation of renal function and categories of renal dysfunction

Decreased GFRa	GFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2
Markers of kidney damage (≥1)	Excessive albuminuria (AER ≥30 mg/24 h; ACR ≥30 mg/g or ≥3 mg/mmol)
	Urine sediment abnormalities
	Electrolyte or other abnormality caused by tubular disorders
	Abnormal histology
	Structural abnormalities detected by kidney imaging
	History of kidney transplantation
GFR category	CKD stage	GFRa	Description
G1	1	≥90	Normal or high
G2	2	60–89	Mildly decreased
G3a	3	45–59	Mildly to moderately decreased
G3b		30–44	Moderately to severely decreased
G4	4	15–29	Severely decreased
G5	5	<15	Kidney failure (requires renal replacement therapy, dialysis or kidney transplantation)

Estimation of renal function in NOAC patients best by Creatinine Clearance (Cockcroft–Gault):

$$\mathrm{CrCl}\mathrm{ }(\mathrm{mg}/\mathrm{dL})\mathrm{ }=\frac{(140\mathrm{ }-\mathrm{ }\mathrm{age})\mathrm{ }\times \mathrm{ }\mathrm{weight}\mathrm{ }\left(\mathrm{in}\mathrm{ }\mathrm{kg}\right)\mathrm{ }\times \left(0.85\mathrm{ }\mathrm{if}\mathrm{ }\mathrm{female}\right)}{72\mathrm{ }\times \mathrm{ }\mathrm{serum}\mathrm{ }\mathrm{creatinine}\mathrm{ }(\mathrm{in}\mathrm{ }\mathrm{mg}/\mathrm{dL})}$$

Online calculators available at (e.g.): www.kidney.org/professionals/kdoqi/gfr_calculator, www.nephron.com/cgi-bin/CGSI.cgi, www.mdcalc.com/creatinine-clearance-cockcroft-gault-equation, https://reference.medscape.com/calculator/creatinine-clearance-cockcroft-gault.

Popular Apps are NephroCalc, MedMath, MedCalc, Calculate by QxMD, and Archimedes.

^a(mL/min/1.73 m²).