Table 2. Comparison of covariates by lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) treatment status; differences in the observations were assessed using Pearson’s Chi-square test of proportions at a 5% significance level.
ACEi: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARBs: aldosterone receptor blockers; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases; HIV: human immunodeficiency virus
| No LLT (n = 499 (36.9%)) | LLT prescribed (n = 855 (63.1%)) | p-value | Test statistic | |
| Variable | n (%) | n (%) | χ 2 test | |
| Age category | 0.15 | 2.07 | ||
| Less than 73 years | 270 (54.1) | 428 (50.1) | ||
| 73 years and above | 229 (45.9) | 427 (49.9) | ||
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 213 (42.7) | 328 (38.4) | 0.12 | 2.45 |
| Male | 286 (57.3) | 527 (61.6) | ||
| Comorbid conditions | ||||
| Atrial fibrillation/flutter | 149 (29.9) | 342 (40.0) | <0.001 | 14.02 |
| Alcohol use | 166 (33.3) | 224 (28.5) | 0.07 | 3.34 |
| Cancer | 151 (30.3) | 260 (30.4) | 0.95 | 0.0033 |
| Chronic renal failure | 145 (29.1) | 379 (44.3) | <0.001 | 30.97 |
| COPD | 172 (34.5) | 351 (41.) | 0.02 | 5.76 |
| Diabetes | 125 (25.1) | 420 (49.1) | <0.001 | 75.93 |
| Heart failure | 121 (24.2) | 298 (34.8) | <0.001 | 16.58 |
| HIV | 7 (1.4) | 2 (0.2) | 0.01 | 6.52 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 122 (24.4) | 656 (76.7) | <0.001 | 352.28 |
| Hypertension | 328 (65.7) | 743 (86.9) | <0.001 | 85.41 |
| Illicit drug use | 26 (5.2) | 30 (3.5) | 0.13 | 2.30 |
| Lupus | 7 (1.4) | 5 (0.6) | 0.14 | 2.40 |
| Obesity | 93 (18.7) | 223 (26.1) | 0.002 | 9.76 |
| Peripheral arterial disease | 52 (10.4) | 186 (21.7) | <0.001 | 27.94 |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 15 (3.0) | 32 (3.7) | 0.48 | 0.51 |
| Sleep apnea | 58 (11.6) | 167 (19.5) | <0.001 | 14.22 |
| Tobacco use | 307 (61.5) | 561 (65.6) | 0.13 | 2.29 |
| Chronic medications | ||||
| ACEi/ARBs | 200 (40.1) | 610 (71.3) | <0.001 | 128.15 |
| Anticoagulants | 148 (29.7) | 356 (41.6) | <0.001 | 19.35 |
| Antiplatelets | 187 (37.5) | 639 (74.7) | <0.001 | 183.91 |
| Beta-blockers | 216 (43.3) | 621 (72.6) | <0.001 | 114.96 |
| Calcium channel blockers | 167 (33.5) | 398 (46.5) | <0.001 | 22.18 |
| Colchicine | 10 (2.0) | 27 (3.2) | 0.21 | 1.58 |
| Metformin | 40 (8.0) | 212 (24.8) | <0.001 | 58.57 |
| Methotrexate | 5 (1.0) | 12 (1.4) | 0.52 | 0.41 |
| Spironolactone | 44 (8.8) | 143 (16.7) | <0.001 | 16.55 |