Fig. 5. Aharonov-Bohm effect for topological boundary modes.

(A and B) Schematics and observed real-space and k-space images for interference patterns retrieved by the far-field diffraction patterns from two domain walls. (A) Two identical PSH domain walls, (B) a PSH domain wall, and a PSH-VH domain wall with adiabatic evolution ∣↓⟩ → ∣+⟩ → ∣↑⟩. (C) Comparison between the two interference fringe patterns. Top: PSH domain wall and PSH-VH domain wall with adiabatic evolution ∣↓⟩ → ∣+⟩ → ∣↑⟩. Bottom: Two identical PSH domain walls. T is the periodicity of interference patterns, and ∆k_y is the interference pattern shift.