Table 4.

Display current Approaches and future research in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of bladder cancer.

Current Approaches	Future Directions
FDA-approved molecular biomarkers including BTA stat, BTA TRAK, and NMP22	Archiving the biomarkers into current diagnostic tools
ImmunoCyt is a further monoclonal antibody test that is used to monitor bladder cancer.	Inventing/producing new diagnostic algorithms
MAUB 2 is a newly found mucin antigen that is linked to bladder cancer	Doing large clinical trials
Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) and Exosomes	Exploiting the possibilities of combining biomarkers with traditional diagnosis methods
Studies the Role of Long Non-Coding RNAs(lncRNAs) in Bladder Cancer	Creating a standardization for testing procedures and validating these markers in clinic settings
overexpression of specific miRNAs in bladder cancer tissues	Mentioning issues on cost, access as well as false negatives or positives among other problems.