Figure 2.

ABT‐317 reduced kidney inflammation, glomerular disease, and tubular dilation. The middle section of the kidneys was collected and fixed in formalin, followed by paraffin embedding, cutting, and staining for CD3 and IBA1. Representative baseline samples were collected at time of disease onset, whereas all other groups were collected at time of euthanasia (≥89 days on treatment). (A) Representative images of kidneys showing CD3 and IBA1 staining for T cells and myeloid cells, respectively. (B) Semiquantitative scoring of CD3 and IBA1 (n = 15) staining showed that ABT‐317 was efficacious at reducing T cells and myeloid cells, both indicators of overall inflammation. **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001 vs vehicle using Kruskal‐Wallis test with Dunn's multiple comparisons. (C) Kidneys were prepared as described above but stained with H&E and podoplanin. Representative images of glomeruli and tubules show morphological changes in diseased mice. (D) Semiquantitative scoring (n = 15) revealed that, although ABT‐317 did not show significant reduction in glomerular disease and tubular dilation, results were not different from those observed with anti‐CD40, **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001 vs vehicle using Kruskal‐Wallis test with Dunn's multiple comparisons. (E) Image analysis of podoplanin staining showed a significant decrease in average glomerular size with ABT‐317 treatment. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.0001 vs vehicle using one‐way ANOVA with Tukey's multiple comparisons. ANOVA, analysis of variance; H&E, hematoxylin and eosin; n.s., not significant.