Table 3.

Manifestations in those who progressed and did not progress to systemic lupus erythematosus^*

Manifestations	Nonprogressors (n = 196), n (%)	Progressors to SLE (n = 11), n (%)	Relative risk (95% CI)
Fever	2 (1.0)	0	0.95 (0.92–0.98)
Leukopenia	7 (3.6)	2 (18.2)	1.19 (0.84–1.69)
Thrombocytopenia	1 (0.5)	2 (18.2)	1.91 (0.39–9.47)
Lymphopenia	11 (5.6)	1 (9.1)	1.03 (0.86–1.22)
Autoimmune hemolysis	0	2 (18.2)	2.87 (NA)
Delirium	0	0	NA
Psychosis	0	0	NA
Seizure	0	0	NA
Nonscarring alopecia	3 (1.5)	4 (36.3)	1.93 (0.82–4.54)
Oral ulcers	2 (1.0)	2 (18.2)	1.59 (0.60–4.25)
Subacute cutaneous or discoid lupus	0	2 (18.2)	2.87 (NA)
Acute cutaneous lupus	3 (1.5)	2 (18.2)	1.43 (0.70–2.93)
Photosensitivity	7 (3.6)	1 (9.1)	1.07 (0.82–1.40)
Raynaud phenomenon	28 (14.3)	3 (27.3)	1.05 (0.93–1.19)
Pleural or pericardial effusion	0	1 (9.1)	1.90 (NA)
Acute pericarditis	2 (1.0)	2 (18.1)	1.59 (0.60–4.25)
Arthritis	15 (7.7)	10 (90.1)	1.62 (1.17–2.23)
Proteinuria >0.5 g per 24 h	0	1 (9.1)	1.90 (NA)
Low C3 or C4	12 (6.1)	5 (45.5)	1.34 (0.99–1.82)
Anti‐dsDNA or anti‐Smith	18 (9.2)	5 (45.5)	1.22 (0.98–1.52)
Anti‐cardiolipin or anti‐β2GP1 or lupus anticoagulant	1 (0.5)	0	0.95 (0.92–0.98)
Ro antibody	61 (31.1)	3 (27.3)	0.99 (0.93–1.06)
La antibody	17 (8.7)	2 (18.1)	1.06 (0.90–1.24)
Sm antibody	5 (2.6)	2 (18.1)	1.27 (0.80–2.04)
SmRNP antibody	11 (5.6)	3 (27.3)	1.20 (0.91–1.58)
RNP antibody	18 (9.2)	5 (45.5)	1.22 (0.98–1.52)
ScL70 antibody	11 (5.6)	1 (9.1)	1.03 (0.86–1.22)
Jo1 antibody	0	0	NA
Centromere antibody	11 (5.6)	0	0.94 (0.91–0.98)
Chromatin antibody	12 (6.1)	2 (18.1)	1.10 (0.89–1.37)
Ribosomal P antibody	0	0	NA

^*All patients with SLE fulfilled the EULAR/American College of Rheumatology classification criteria for SLE. Bold denotes significance. CI, confidence interval; dsDNA, double‐stranded DNA; NA, not applicable; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus.