Figure 3.

Representative images showed the different capacity to determine cranial nerve status between 3D LAVA_Flex and conventional sequences. A 54-year-old female nasopharyngeal carcinoma patient with right posterior cranial nerves involvement from the primary lesion and retropharyngeal lymph node (RPN). The hypoglossal nerve was infiltrated by at least one-third encirclement (dashed arrow) on 3D LAVA_Flex while showing normal findings on the left side (gray arrow), and the bilateral vagus nerve (arrowhead) and right accessory nerve (solid arrow) can be seen (A). This was also at least one-third involvement for the vagus nerve (dashed arrow), which suggested infiltration from the RPN 20 mm below it (E). No positive PNI imaging signs from the primary lesion and RPN were observed on T2WI fs (B, F), T1WI (C, G), and T1WI ce (D, H) images. Some artifacts were observed on the T2WI fs, T1WI, and T1WI ce images.