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. 2024 Nov 29;14:1469493. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1469493

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Copyright © 2024 El-Hamid, Ibrahim, Abdelfattah-Hassan, Mohammed, Pet, Khalil, El-Badry, Metwally, Azouz, Elnegiry, Elnahriry, Ahmadi and Elazab

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Relative mRNA expression of genes encoding cytokines' mediators: TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (A); IL-1β, interleukin-1 beta (B); IL-6, interleukin-6 (C); IL-18, interleukin-8 (D); and IL-10, interleukin-10 (E) on day 5 post-treatment in response to the therapeutic effect of a hydrogel loaded with pomegranate peel extract-hyaluronic acid-silver nanoparticles (PPE-HA-AgNPs) at different concentrations for 15 days in cutaneous wounds in rats experimentally infected with C. albicans. Control: C. albicans infected and non-treated rats, commercial cream: ketoconazole cream (2%), PEE-HA-AgNPsI: 25% concentration of the formulated nanocomposite, PPE-HA-AgNPsII: 50% concentration of the formulated nanocomposite, PPE-HA-AgNPsIII: full concentration of the formulated nanocomposite. ^a–eMean values with distinct letters in the same column changed significantly (p < 0.05).