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. 2024 Dec 12;166(1):499. doi: 10.1007/s00701-024-06393-4

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — The workflow from virtual planning to implant insertion is shown in Fig. 2. 3-dimensional virtual planning shows tumor extention (red mass) and preplanned bony resection margins (A), the individually designed implants are previewed (B) and both, a template of the skull after craniectomy and the implants are 3D printed and used for preoperative and intraoperative planning (C). Intraoperative images show the marks for craniotomy on the skull (D), the skull after craniectomy with a thoroughly decompressed orbit (E) and dural closure with pericranium and Tutopatch (Biomedica, Milan, Italy) dural replacement (F). The final result shows optimal positioning of the two implants and fixation with titanium micro plates (G) (Medartis, Basel, Switzerland)