Fig. 1.

Role of cumulative postmigration discrimination in the etiology of maternal and child health dispartities

Notes. Cumulative discriminatory experiences contribute to trauma symptoms, which, in turn, are associated with immune activation at the maternal-fetal interface. The resulting inflammatory cytokines may lead to worsened health outcomes for mother and child. Dashed lines indicate potential effects of maternal inflammation on mother and child health outcomes, which are not examined in this study.