Table 2.

Behavioral and clinical characteristics of study participants in Ethiopia, 2024.

Variables	Category	Full sample		Good sleep quality		Poor sleep quality
		N	%	N	%	N	%
Duration of smart phone used at bed	>2	237	67.52	88	77.19	149	62.87
	≤2	114	32.48	26	22.81	88	37.13
Year of digital devise use	<5	102	29.06	34	29.82	68	28.69
	5–10	171	48.72	58	50.88	113	47.68
	>10	78	22.22	22	19.30	56	23.63
Duration of daily use	≤2	124	35.33	33	28.95	91	38.40
	>2	227	64.67	81	71.05	146	61.60
Adjustment of screen display light at bedtime	No	178	50.71	55	48.25	123	51.90
	Yes	173	49.29	59	51.75	114	48.10
Position of phone during sleep	Near bed	185	52.71	78	68.42	107	45.15
	At bed	166	47.29	36	31.58	130	54.85
Purpose of use	Academic	153	14.53	99	28.95	54	7.59
	Communication	180	17.09	66	19.30	114	16.03
	Watching video	228	21.65	69	20.18	159	22.36
	Social media	338	41.60	43	27.19	295	48.52
	Gaming	144	5.13	15	4.39	39	5.49
Sleep duration in hours	≥8	160	45.58	61	53.51	99	41.77
	<8	191	54.42	53	46.49	138	58.23
Practicing physical exercise	No	237	67.52	57	50	180	75.95
	Yes	114	32.48	57	50	57	24.05
Caffeinated drinking	No	81	23.08	46	40.35	35	14.77
	Often	124	35.33	45	39.47	79	33.33
	Regular	146	41.60	23	20.18	123	51.90
Current tobacco smoker	No	316	90.03	108	94.74	208	87.76
	Yes	35	9.97	6	5.26	29	12.24
Current alcohol drinker	No	228	65	130	73.86	98	56
	Yes	123	35	46	26.14	77	44
History of disease	No	254	72.36	103	90.35	151	63.71
	Yes	97	27.64	11	9.65	86	36.29
Depression, Stress, anxiety disorder	No	250	71.23	102	89.47	148	62.45
	Yes	101	28.77	12	10.53	89	37.55
BMI (kg/m2)	18.5–24.5	268	76.35	93	81.58	175	73.84
	<18.5	47	13.39	18	15.79	29	12.24
	24.5–30	24	6.84	2	1.75	22	9.28
	>30	12	3.42	1	0.88	11	4.64