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. 2024 Oct 26;32(12):4372–4382. doi: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.10.026

Figure 1.

Figure 1

MSCs combined with CHIR-99021 had a robust capacity to induce IL-10+ B cells

(A) Principal-component analysis of gene expression profiles across all B cell samples. (B) Volcano plots illustrating genes exhibiting significant differential expression (DESeq2 analysis) between B cells cultured alone and B cells cocultured with MSCs. (C) Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of upregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs). (D) Enrichment plots show the PI3K/Akt and Wnt signaling pathways in B cells alone or with MSCs. (E) The workflow of inducing IL-10+ B cells. (F) IL-10 production by unstimulated B cells and B cells stimulated by CpG, MSCs, and CHIR-99021 (a GSK-3β inhibitor, 10 μM) individually or in combination, was detected by flow cytometry. Quantification of IL-10-producing B cells and the induction efficiency of IL-10+ B cells in above treatment compared with unstimulated B cells. Data represent mean ± SEM of three independent experiments; not significant (ns) p ≥ 0.05; ∗p < 0.05; ∗∗p < 0.01; ∗∗∗p < 0.001; ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001.