Figure 2.

MSCs combined with CHIR-99021-induced IL-10⁺ B cells highly express CD1c

B cells were cultured with MSCs and CHIR-99021 in the presence of CpG for 48 h. (A) Position projection of FlowSOM clusters in uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP) and the self-organizing map resulting from FlowSOM. (B) The mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) heatmap of key markers of B cells in FlowSOM clusters. (C) Pearson’s correlation coefficients of pairwise comparisons were calculated for key markers of B cells in FlowSOM clusters. (D) The histograms of IL-10, CD1c, CD10, CD27, CD70, CD185, and CD268 between IL-10⁺ B cell groups (cluster0, cluster4, cluster6, cluster7) and IL-10⁻ B cells (residual). (E) B cells were stimulated by CpG, MSCs, and CHIR-99021 individually or in combination for 48 h, and the frequency of CD1c⁺IL-10⁺ and CD1c⁻IL-10⁺ B cells was assessed by flow cytometry. Data represent mean ± SEM of three independent experiments; not significant (ns) p ≥ 0.05; ∗p < 0.05; ∗∗p < 0.01; ∗∗∗p < 0.001; ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001.