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. 2024 Dec 3;14(23):2724. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics14232724

Table 2.

Summary of histological changes and skin biomarkers of PDT regarding skin remodeling.

Histological Changes Immunohistochemical Expression
After PDT
(0 day–3 weeks)
Monocytic inflammation Increase in MMP
Increase in TGF-beta
Remodeling
(3 weeks–3 months)
Lymphocytic infiltrate
Dermis fibrosis
Elastosis decrease
Increase in MMP-9
Increase in collagen type I
Final stage of remodeling
(3–9 months)
Collagen order
Elastosis decrease
Thinner dermis
Flattened epidermis
Decrease in MMP expression
Increase of collagen type I and elastin