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. 2024 Dec 8;16(23):4115. doi: 10.3390/cancers16234115

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© 2024 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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(a) Contrast computed tomography. CHA, SpA, and CA exhibit significant tumor invasion. (b) Extent of tumor invasion in the DP-CAR and Appleby procedures. CHA, SpA, and CA exhibit tumor invasion. The CA and CHA should be ligated and detached (arrows). (c) Extent of tumor invasion in PD-CAR, TP-CAR(spleen preserving), and TP-CAR+TG. In addition to CHA, SpA, and CA, the gastroduodenal artery (GDA), proper hepatic artery (PHA), and bile duct exhibit tumor infiltration. The CA and PHA should be ligated and detached (arrows). In PD-CAR and TP-CAR(spleen preserving), the SpA should be cut and reconstructed (dotted arrow). (d) Extent of tumor invasion in PD-CHAR. The CHA is infiltrated, but only the CA is displaced. The CHA of the area with tumor invasion is cut, and the severed ends are anastomosed end-to-end (arrows).

(a) Contrast computed tomography. CHA, SpA, and CA exhibit significant tumor invasion. (b) Extent of tumor invasion in the DP-CAR and Appleby procedures. CHA, SpA, and CA exhibit tumor invasion. The CA and CHA should be ligated and detached (arrows). (c) Extent of tumor invasion in PD-CAR, TP-CAR(spleen preserving), and TP-CAR+TG. In addition to CHA, SpA, and CA, the gastroduodenal artery (GDA), proper hepatic artery (PHA), and bile duct exhibit tumor infiltration. The CA and PHA should be ligated and detached (arrows). In PD-CAR and TP-CAR(spleen preserving), the SpA should be cut and reconstructed (dotted arrow). (d) Extent of tumor invasion in PD-CHAR. The CHA is infiltrated, but only the CA is displaced. The CHA of the area with tumor invasion is cut, and the severed ends are anastomosed end-to-end (arrows).