Figure 1.

DOLP yield under different solid−liquid ratios (A); Relationship between ln[C_∞/(C_∞ − C)] and ultrasonic extraction time at different ultrasonic power levels (B); Relationship between (C_∞ − C)/C_∞ and ultrasonic time at different ultrasonic power levels (C); Relationship between t_1/2 and ultrasonic power (D); Relationship between 10⁴D_u and ultrasonic power (E); DOL extracts by MD (F(a)), HAD (F(b)), VFD (F(c)), and DOLP by VFD (F(d)). Different lowercase letters in Figure 1A indicate significant differences (p < 0.05).