Table 3.
Comparison of participants with and without OI.
| With OI | Without OI | p-Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 80 | 86 | - | |
| Age in years, mean (95% CI) | 15.39 (15.08, 15.70) | 15.44 (15.11, 15.77) | 0.835 | |
| Sex, n (%) | Female | 29 (37.2%) | 34 (45.3%) | 0.306 |
| Male | 49 (62.8%) | 41 (54.7%) | ||
| History of Previous Concussion, n (%) | 0 | 40 (50.0%) | 42 (48.8%) | 0.326 |
| 1 | 24 (30.0%) | 29 (33.7%) | ||
| 2 | 12 (15.0%) | 15 (17.4%) | ||
| 3+ | 4 (5.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| Injury to visit time in days, mean (95% CI) | 5.43 (4.94, 5.91) | 5.67 (5.19, 6.16) | 0.472 | |
| Recovery time in days, mean (95% CI) | 23.59 (19.46, 27.73) | 16.53 (14.73, 18.33) | 0.002 | |
| Delayed recovery (took >28 days to recover), n (%) | 19 (23.8%) | 8 (9.3%) | 0.012 | |
| Clinical Exam Signs and Symptoms, mean (95% CI) or n (%) | ||||
| Nausea (max = 6) | 1.41 (1.04, 1.77) | 0.59 (0.34, 0.83) | <0.001 | |
| Balance (max = 6) | 1.57 (1.26, 1.88) | 1.11 (0.86, 1.35) | 0.020 | |
| Dizziness (max = 6) | 2.04 (1.66, 2.41) | 1.28 (0.99, 1.57) | 0.002 | |
| Total symptom severity (max = 132) | 37.53 (33.14, 41.92) | 27.74 (24.01, 31.48) | <0.001 | |
| Abnormal VOR | 54 (69.2%) | 35 (46.7%) | 0.005 | |
| Abnormal CTG | 49 (62.8%) | 40 (53.3%) | 0.234 | |
| Orthostatics, mean (95% CI) | ||||
| Supine Systolic BP in mmHg | 120.20 (117.08, 123.33) | 118.56 (116.04, 121.08) | 0.413 | |
| Supine Diastolic BP in mmHg | 70.49 (69.08, 71.91) | 70.49 (68.93, 72.05) | 0.996 | |
| Supine HR in bpm | 64.45 (61.84, 67.04) | 67.88 (65.31, 70.45) | 0.064 | |
| Standing Systolic BP in mmHg | 117.73 (114.94, 120.51) | 118.10 (115.74, 120.47) | 0.836 | |
| Standing Diastolic BP in mmHg | 75.45 (74.61, 80.82) | 75.83 (74.28, 77.37) | 0.753 | |
| Standing HR in bpm | 77.71 (74.61, 80.82) | 77.92 (75.17, 80.67) | 0.921 | |
| Mean Systolic Change in mmHg | −2.49 (−4.58, −0.41) | −0.45 (−2.69, 1.79) | 0.189 | |
| Mean Diastolic Change in mmHg | 4.99 (3.07, 6.91) | 5.34 (3.97, 6.70) | 0.765 | |
| Mean HR Change in bpm | 13.26 (10.82, 15.71) | 10.03 (6.90, 13.17) | 0.112 | |
| Graded Exertion Testing, mean (95% CI) | ||||
| HRt on BCTT in bpm | 131.86 (126.56, 137.17) | 137.30 (132.46, 142.15) | 0.133 | |
| Exercise time on BCTT in minutes | 8.01 (7.09, 8.94) | 8.16 (7.33, 9.00) | 0.811 | |
Bolded values indicate a statistically significant difference at p < 0.05.