. 2024 Nov 26;13(23):3794. doi: 10.3390/foods13233794

Table 2.

Effects of co-fermentation on the appearance color (L*, a*, and b* values) of craft beers.

Days	S. cerevisiae (US-05)			Pichia kluyveri (P. kluyveri)			1:10
Days	L*	a*	b*	L*	a*	b*	L*	a*	b*
0	14.52 ± 1.24 ^a	5.87 ± 0.76 ^a	20.16 ± 1.53 ^a	37.28 ± 0.43 ^c	15.58 ± 0.52 ^c	44.39 ± 1.18 ^c	20.84 ± 0.83 ^b	9.01 ± 0.46 ^a	27.29 ± 1.91 ^a
7	54.40 ± 1.69 ^a	13.77 ± 1.23 ^a	46.75 ± 2.25 ^a	37.94 ± 0.78 ^b	16.66 ± 0.49 ^a	45.01 ± 0.48 ^a	44.47 ± 3.29 ^a	14.70 ± 0.43 ^a	44.32 ± 1.14 ^a
14	65.00 ± 0.19 ^a	12.30 ± 1.52 ^a	45.71 ± 3.87 ^a	39.94 ± 0.39 ^c	16.91 ± 0.59 ^a	45.53 ± 0.17 ^a	59.66 ± 1.01 ^a	14.13 ± 0.68 ^a	44.50 ± 2.10 ^a
21	69.97 ± 1.98 ^a	11.94 ± 1.59 ^a	47.87 ± 1.70 ^a	45.58 ± 0.87 ^c	16.79 ± 0.92 ^a	46.10 ± 0.91 ^a	64.59 ± 1.63 ^a	14.01 ± 0.79 ^a	45.17 ± 2.20 ^a
28	74.51 ± 1.83 ^a	11.04 ± 0.66 ^a	48.20 ± 2.36 ^a	47.77 ± 0.72 ^b	16.91 ± 0.84 ^a	47.44 ± 0.77 ^a	70.61 ± 0.32 ^a	12.37 ± 0.92 ^a	45.47 ± 1.82 ^a
35	76.31 ± 2.10 ^a	11.76 ± 1.63 ^a	47.73 ± 2.27 ^a	48.77 ± 1.54 ^c	16.83 ± 0.91 ^a	47.65 ± 0.72 ^a	74.70 ± 1.17 ^a	12.51 ± 0.81 ^a	45.50 ± 2.01 ^a
42	77.42 ± 1.63 ^a	11.91 ± 1.66 ^a	48.75 ± 1.44 ^a	50.89 ± 3.15 ^b	16.71 ± 1.08 ^a	48.58 ± 0.96 ^a	75.52 ± 1.08 ^a	13.99 ± 1.53 ^a	46.47 ± 1.53 ^a

S. cerevisiae (US-05) was 1, while P. kluyveri was a ratio of 10. Different superscripted lowercase letters in the same column represent significant differences (p < 0.05).