Table 1. Characteristics of 306,344 Pregnancies Resulting in a Live Full-Term (≥37 Weeks) Singleton Birth, South Carolina, 2015–2021a .
| Characteristic | Racial and or ethnic group |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-Hispanic White (n = 175,991) | Non-Hispanic Black (n = 92,402) | Hispanic (n = 23,423) | Other (n = 14,708) | |
| Sociodemographic | ||||
| Age at delivery, mean (SD), y | 28.4 (5.5) | 26.7 (5.7) | 28.2 (6.1) | 29.1 (5.9) |
| Education, %b | ||||
| Less than high school education | 9.4 | 13.3 | 42.9 | 17.0 |
| High school diploma or GED | 20.0 | 34.4 | 27.0 | 20.6 |
| Some college | 23.1 | 30.4 | 13.6 | 17.8 |
| College or associates degree or more | 47.5 | 22.0 | 16.5 | 44.6 |
| Rural residence, % | 29.9 | 36.0 | 28.1 | 23.3 |
| Medicaid eligibility at delivery, % | 39.1 | 72.2 | 70.4 | 49.4 |
| WIC receipt during pregnancy, %a | 27.5 | 61.8 | 43.9 | 31.5 |
| Lifestyle and clinical factors | ||||
| Smoking during or prepregnancy, %a | 14.8 | 8.5 | 2.0 | 4.7 |
| Firstborn, %b | 33.1 | 29.3 | 25.9 | 34.2 |
| Prepregnancy BMI (kg/m2), %b | ||||
| Underweight (<18.5) | 3.6 | 2.8 | 2.0 | 4.6 |
| Normal (18.5–24.9) | 44.2 | 27.6 | 36.5 | 46.7 |
| Overweight (25.0–29.9) | 25.1 | 24.8 | 32.4 | 26.6 |
| Obese (≥30.0)b | 27.1 | 44.8 | 29.1 | 22.2 |
| Gestational weight gain, %b , c | ||||
| Adequate | 29.6 | 26.3 | 32.1 | 31.4 |
| Inadequate | 18.7 | 28.4 | 28.6 | 28.5 |
| Excessive | 51.8 | 45.3 | 39.2 | 40.2 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; GED, General Educational Development; WIC, Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children.
Stratified by racial and ethnic group.
Number of women with missing data values on outcomes and covariates: education, 844; smoking during or prepregnancy, 195; firstborn, 66; prepregnancy BMI, 3,696; WIC, 14; prepregnancy obesity, 3,696; gestational weight gain classification, 3,696.
Adequate weight gain during pregnancy for women who were underweight was 50 to 62 lb; normal weight gain, 25 to 35 lb; overweight, 15 to 25 lb; and obese, 11 to 20 lbs. Inadequate weight gain was defined as gaining less than the recommended weight during pregnancy. Excessive weight gain was defined as gaining more than the recommended weight during pregnancy. In our study, 87,350 women gained adequate weight during pregnancy, 68,998 women gained inadequate weight, and 146,300 gained excessive weight.