Table 2. Demographic Characteristics and Prevalence of Any Mental, Emotional, and Behavioral (MEB) and Developmental, Learning, and Language Disorder (DLLD) Lifetime Diagnosis by Demographic Characteristics Among Children Aged 3–17 Years, National Survey of Children’s Health, 2016–2021.
| Variable | 2016–2021, % (95% CI) | 2016, % (95% CI) | 2017, % (95% CI) | 2018, % (95% CI) | 2019, % (95% CI) | 2020, % (95% CI) | 2021, % (95% CI) | Average Annual Change, % (95% CI) | P valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | |||||||||
| MBDDb | |||||||||
| Male | 30.8 (30.1 to 31.4) | 30.0 (28.6 to 31.3) | 31.3 (29.3 to 33.3) | 29.9 (28.4 to 31.5) | 30.9 (29.2 to 32.6) | 31.5 (30.1 to 33.0) | 31.0 (29.7 to 32.4) | 0.7 (−0.5 to 1.9) | .17 |
| Female | 21.7 (21.2 to 22.3) | 20.5 (19.3 to 21.8) | 19.5 (17.9 to 21.2) | 22.7 (21.2 to 24.2) | 21.1 (19.8 to 22.6) | 22.3 (21.0 to 23.7) | 24.3 (22.9 to 25.7) | 3.3 (0.2 to 6.5) | .04 |
| MEBc | |||||||||
| Male | 22.4 (21.8 to 23.0) | 22.1 (21.0 to 23.4) | 22.0 (20.3 to 23.8) | 21.2 (19.9 to 22.5) | 23.6 (22.0 to 25.2) | 23.1 (21.8 to 24.4) | 23.3 (21.1 to 23.4) | 0.7 (−1.5 to 3.0) | .42 |
| Female | 16.4 (15.9 to 17.0) | 15.0 (14.0 to 16.0) | 14.3 (13.0 to 15.8) | 17.1 (15.8 to 18.5) | 15.7 (14.5 to 16.9) | 17.6 (16.3 to 18.9) | 18.9 (17.7 to 20.2) | 4.8 (1.3 to 8.4) | .02 |
| DLLDd | |||||||||
| Male | 19.0 (18.5 to 19.6) | 17.8 (16.7 to 19.0) | 19.4 (17.7 to 21.2) | 18.5 (17.2 to 19.8) | 19.0 (17.6 to 20.5) | 19.6 (18.4 to 20.8) | 19.9 (18.7 to 21.2) | 2.0 (0.5 to 3.5) | .02 |
| Female | 10.5 (10.0 to 10.9) | 10.2 (9.3 to 11.2) | 10.1 (8.8 to 11.5) | 10.5 (9.4 to 11.7) | 10.2 (9.2 to 11.3) | 10.8 (9.8 to 11.8) | 11.0 (10.1 to 11.9) | 1.6 (0.2 to 3.0) | .03 |
| Age group, y | |||||||||
| MBDD | |||||||||
| 3–5 | 15.5 (14.7 to 16.3) | 14.9 (13.1 to 16.8) | 16.7 (14.2 to 19.5) | 14.7 (12.8 to 16.7) | 14.3 (12.4 to 16.3) | 15.8 (13.9 to 17.8) | 16.5 (14.9 to 18.3) | 1.4 (−2.5 to 5.4) | .38 |
| 6–11 | 25.8 (25.1 to 26.5) | 25.0 (23.5 to 26.5) | 24.8 (22.6 to 27.0) | 27.9 (26.1 to 29.7) | 25.7 (23.9 to 27.5) | 26.2 (24.6 to 27.8) | 25.5 (24.0 to 27.0) | 0.4 (−2.6 to 3.4) | .76 |
| 12–17 | 32.1 (31.4 to 32.8) | 30.8 (29.4 to 32.2) | 30.5 (28.5 to 32.7) | 30.5 (28.7 to 32.2) | 32.2 (30.3 to 34.1) | 33.2 (31.6 to 34.8) | 35.2 (33.6 to 36.9) | 2.7 (1.0 to 4.5) | .01 |
| MEB | |||||||||
| 3–5 | 6.6 (6.1 to 7.1) | 6.8 (5.4 to 8.3) | 6.1 (4.8 to 7.7) | 6.6 (5.5 to 8.0) | 5.8 (4.6 to 7.3) | 7.6 (6.2 to 9.3) | 6.5 (5.5 to 7.6) | 0.5 (−5.4 to 6.8) | .83 |
| 6–11 | 18.6 (18.0 to 19.2) | 18.0 (16.7 to 19.4) | 17.8 (15.9 to 19.7) | 19.4 (17.9 to 21.0) | 18.8 (17.3 to 20.4) | 19.2 (17.8 to 20.7) | 18.3 (17.0 to 19.6) | 0.7 (−1.6 to 3.0) | .44 |
| 12–17 | 26.5 (25.9 to 27.2) | 25.0 (23.7 to 26.3) | 24.6 (22.8 to 26.6) | 25.0 (23.5 to 26.7) | 27.3 (25.5 to 29.1) | 27.6 (26.1 to 29.1) | 29.6 (28.1 to 31.2) | 3.6 (1.6 to 5.6) | .007 |
| DLLD | |||||||||
| 3–5 | 12.8 (12.0 to 13.6) | 12.0 (10.3 to 13.8) | 14.2 (11.8 to 16.8) | 11.7 (9.9 to 13.6) | 12.6 (10.8 to 14.6) | 12.6 (11.0 to 14.4) | 13.7 (12.1 to 15.4) | 1.6 (−3.0 to 6.4) | .40 |
| 6–11 | 15.7 (15.1 to 16.3) | 14.5 (13.3 to 15.7) | 15.9 (14.0 to 18.0) | 17.0 (15.5 to 18.7) | 15.4 (14.0 to 16.8) | 15.6 (14.4 to 17.0) | 15.9 (14.6 to 17.2) | 1.1 (−2.2 to 4.5) | .41 |
| 12–17 | 15.0 (14.4 to 15.5) | 14.7 (13.6 to 15.8) | 14.0 (12.5 to 15.6) | 13.6 (12.5 to 14.8) | 15.1 (13.7 to 16.6) | 16.2 (14.9 to 17.5) | 16.1 (14.9 to 17.4) | 2.8 (−0.6 to 6.3) | .09 |
| Race or ethnicity | |||||||||
| MBDD | |||||||||
| American Indian or Alaska Native, non-Hispanic | 31.7 (27.4 to 36.3) | 30.9 (22.6 to 40.2) | 21.0 (10.4 to 35.4) | 31.7 (21.8 to 43.1) | 34.4 (23.1 to 47.2) | 30.8 (21.2 to 41.8) | 40.2 (30.1 to 50.9) | 5.6 (−2.9 to 14.8) | .14 |
| Asian, non-Hispanic | 11.1 (10.0 to 12.3) | 10.4 (8.2 to 12.9) | 12.5 (8.8 to 17.1) | 12.0 (9.3 to 15.2) | 11.0 (8.2 to 14.5) | 10.8 (8.5 to 13.5) | 10.0 (8.1 to 12.2) | −1.8 (−6.6 to 3.3) | .38 |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 26.6 (25.3 to 28.0) | 28.4 (25.5 to 31.4) | 27.9 (23.7 to 32.4) | 24.9 (21.7 to 28.3) | 25.0 (21.9 to 28.3) | 28.3 (25.5 to 31.2) | 25.4 (22.8 to 28.2) | −1.3 (−5.3 to 3.0) | .45 |
| Hispanic | 23.9 (22.7 to 25.1) | 22.3 (19.9 to 24.9) | 24.1 (20.5 to 28.0) | 24.1 (21.2 to 27.2) | 22.1 (19.2 to 25.2) | 24.4 (21.8 to 27.2) | 26.1 (23.5 to 28.8) | 2.5 (−0.5 to 5.7) | .08 |
| Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander, non-Hispanic | 18.2 (12.1 to 25.7) | –e | –e | –e | –e | –e | –e | −15.4 (−33.0 to 6.7) | .12 |
| White, non-Hispanic | 28.7 (28.2 to 29.1) | 27.0 (26.1 to 28.0) | 26.7 (25.4 to 28.0) | 29.2 (28.1 to 30.4) | 29.8 (28.6 to 31.0) | 29.3 (28.2 to 30.3) | 30.2 (29.2 to 31.3) | 2.3 (0.7 to 3.9) | .02 |
| Two or more races, non-Hispanic | 29.0 (27.3 to 30.7) | 28.4 (24.6 to 32.4) | 28.7 (23.7 to 34.1) | 27.7 (23.8 to 31.8) | 26.9 (23.1 to 31.0) | 29.5 (25.4 to 33.7) | 32.6 (29.0 to 36.3) | 2.6 (−1.2 to 6.6) | .13 |
| MEB | |||||||||
| American Indian or Alaska Native, non-Hispanic | 23.1 (19.4 to 27.1) | 24.0 (16.5 to 32.9) | 15.4 (7.8 to 26.3) | 26.2 (17.0 to 37.3) | 22.1 (12.7 to 34.3) | 22.0 (13.5 to 32.6) | 27.4 (19.0 to 37.1) | 2.9 (−7.1 to 14.0) | .48 |
| Asian, non-Hispanic | 7.1 (6.2 to 8.0) | 7.2 (5.3 to 9.4) | 5.7 (3.5 to 8.9) | 8.8 (6.4 to 11.8) | 7.0 (4.7 to 9.9) | 6.6 (5.1 to 8.5) | 7.1 (5.4 to 9.0) | −0.8 (−8.9 to 8.0) | .81 |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 19.9 (18.7 to 21.1) | 21.7 (19.0 to 24.6) | 21.6 (18.0 to 25.6) | 17.8 (15.2 to 20.7) | 18.9 (16.1 to 21.9) | 20.0 (17.6 to 22.6) | 19.4 (17.0 to 22.0) | −1.9 (−6.1 to 2.4) | .28 |
| Hispanic | 14.1 (13.1 to 15.1) | 13.3 (11.3 to 15.6) | 15.2 (12.1 to 18.7) | 14.1 (11.8 to 16.6) | 12.5 (10.3 to 15.0) | 13.8 (11.7 to 16.0) | 15.7 (13.6 to 18.1) | 2.0 (−3.3 to 7.5) | .36 |
| Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander, non-Hispanic | 11.1 (6.5 to 17.5) | –e | –e | –e | –e | –e | –e | 0.6 (−10.4 to 12.8) | .90 |
| White, non-Hispanic | 21.6 (21.2 to 22.0) | 20.3 (19.5 to 21.2) | 19.6 (18.4 to 20.8) | 21.9 (20.9 to 23.0) | 22.5 (21.4 to 23.6) | 22.3 (21.3 to 23.3) | 23.2 (22.2 to 24.1) | 2.9 (1.1 to 4.7) | .01 |
| Two or more races, non-Hispanic | 21.8 (20.3 to 23.4) | 21.9 (18.3 to 25.7) | 22.1 (17.3 to 27.5) | 20.1 (16.7 to 23.8) | 19.5 (16.3 to 23.0) | 22.4 (18.7 to 26.6) | 24.8 (21.5 to 28.3) | 2.5 (−3.1 to 8.4) | .30 |
| DLLD | |||||||||
| American Indian or Alaska Native, non-Hispanic | 18.7 (15.4 to 22.4) | 16.2 (10.6 to 23.1) | —e | 15.5 (9.3 to 23.8) | 21.8 (12.9 to 33.3) | 17.6 (10.9 to 26.2) | 26.1 (17.5 to 36.3) | 9.5 (−0.6 to 20.6) | .06 |
| Asian, non-Hispanic | 7.4 (6.4 to 8.4) | 6.5 (4.8 to 8.5) | 9.4 (6.1 to 13.5) | 7.4 (5.5 to 9.7) | 7.9 (5.4 to 11.0) | 7.2 (5.3 to 9.5) | 5.9 (4.5 to 7.6) | −2.7 (−11.7 to 7.3) | .48 |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 16.2 (15.1 to 17.3) | 16.9 (14.6 to 19.4) | 15.4 (12.2 to 19.0) | 15.6 (12.9 to 18.6) | 16.1 (13.5 to 18.9) | 18.6 (16.2 to 21.3) | 14.7 (12.7 to 16.8) | −0.7 (−6.7 to 5.6) | .75 |
| Hispanic | 14.1 (13.1 to 15.1) | 13.4 (11.3 to 15.6) | 15.2 (12.1 to 18.7) | 14.1 (11.8 to 16.6) | 12.5 (10.3 to 15.0) | 13.8 (11.7 to 16.0) | 15.7 (13.6 to 18.0) | 1.9 (−3.4 to 7.3) | .39 |
| Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander, non-Hispanic | 14.0 (8.3 to 21.7) | –e | –e | –e | –e | –e | –e | −21.7 (−44.7 to 11.0) | .12 |
| White, non-Hispanic | 15.5 (15.1 to 15.8) | 14.5 (13.8 to 15.2) | 14.9 (13.9 to 16.0) | 15.2 (14.3 to 16.1) | 16.1 (15.1 to 17.2) | 15.8 (14.9 to 16.6) | 16.3 (15.5 to 17.1) | 2.3 (1.3 to 3.3) | .003 |
| Two or more races, non-Hispanic | 15.7 (14.5 to 17.1) | 13.0 (10.8 to 15.5) | 17.3 (12.7 to 22.8) | 15.5 (12.6 to 18.8) | 14.5 (11.7 to 17.6) | 16.0 (13.3 to 19.0) | 17.9 (15.2 to 21.0) | 4.9 (−0.5 to 1.7) | .07 |
| Household income relative to federal poverty level f, % | |||||||||
| MBDD | |||||||||
| <100 | 29.1 (27.8 to 30.4) | 29.5 (26.9 to 32.4) | 28.4 (24.6 to 32.4) | 28.2 (25.2 to 31.3) | 30.0 (27.0 to 33.3) | 30.5 (27.4 to 33.8) | 28.0 (25.0 to 31.3) | 0.0 (−2.5 to 2.6) | .99 |
| 100–199 | 27.3 (26.2 to 28.4) | 25.8 (23.4 to 28.3) | 27.1 (23.9 to 30.7) | 27.4 (24.7 to 30.3) | 26.6 (24.0 to 29.4) | 27.6 (25.1 to 30.2) | 29.4 (27.0 to 32.0) | 2.1 (0.4 to 3.9) | .03 |
| 200–399 | 26.1 (25.3 to 26.9) | 24.1 (22.5 to 25.7) | 24.9 (22.7 to 27.3) | 26.0 (23.9 to 28.2) | 25.9 (23.9 to 28.0) | 27.5 (25.4 to 29.4) | 27.9 (26.0 to 29.9) | 3.0 (2.1 to 3.8) | .001 |
| ≥400 | 24.1 (23.5 to 24.8) | 23.1 (21.9 to 24.3) | 23.0 (21.3 to 24.7) | 24.8 (23.2 to 26.6) | 23.5 (22.0 to 25.1) | 24.2 (22.6 to 25.8) | 26.2 (24.8 to 27.6) | 2.2 (0.2 to 4.3) | .04 |
| MEB | |||||||||
| <100 | 21.2 (20.0 to 22.4) | 21.5 (19.2 to 24.0) | 19.7 (16.6 to 23.1) | 20.8 (18.2 to 23.7) | 22.2 (19.5 to 25.2) | 22.6 (19.9 to 25.7) | 20.4 (17.8 to 23.2) | 0.3 (−3.0 to 3.8) | .81 |
| 100–199 | 20.2 (19.3 to 21.2) | 19.0 (17.0 to 21.2) | 19.7 (16.9 to 22.9) | 19.4 (17.3 to 21.7) | 20.7 (18.2 to 23.4) | 20.8 (18.6 to 23.2) | 21.8 (19.7 to 24.0) | 2.7 (1.6 to 3.9) | .003 |
| 200–399 | 19.3 (18.6 to 20.0) | 17.5 (16.1 to 19.0) | 18.0 (16.0 to 20.2) | 18.8 (17.1 to 20.6) | 19.3 (17.5 to 21.2) | 21.0 (19.0 to 23.1) | 20.7 (19.2 to 22.3) | 3.7 (2.4 to 5.0) | .001 |
| ≥400 | 18.1 (17.5 to 18.6) | 17.3 (16.2 to 18.4) | 16.5 (15.1 to 18.0) | 18.5 (17.0 to 20.0) | 18.0 (16.6 to 19.4) | 18.2 (17.0 to 19.6) | 19.9 (18.7 to 21.2) | 2.7 (0.4 to 5.1) | .03 |
| DLLD | |||||||||
| <100 | 18.1 (16.9 to 19.2) | 17.5 (15.4 to 19.9) | 17.9 (14.7 to 21.7) | 16.1 (13.8 to 18.8) | 20.3 (17.5 to 23.4) | 18.9 (16.4 to 21.8) | 17.7 (15.1 to 20.6) | 1.3 (−3.8 to 6.6) | .53 |
| 100–199 | 16.0 (15.1 to 16.9) | 15.0 (13.1 to 17.1) | 16.1 (13.4 to 19.2) | 16.4 (14.1 to 19.0) | 14.4 (12.5 to 16.6) | 16.8 (14.6 to 19.2) | 17.5 (15.4 to 19.7) | 2.6 (−1.4 to 6.7) | .15 |
| 200–399 | 14.3 (13.7 to 14.9) | 13.2 (11.9 to 14.6) | 14.0 (12.4 to 15.8) | 14.2 (12.6 to 16.1) | 14.2 (12.7 to 15.8) | 15.2 (13.8 to 16.9) | 14.9 (13.5 to 16.4) | 2.5 (1.0 to 3.9) | .009 |
| ≥400 | 12.4 (12.0 to 12.9) | 11.7 (10.8 to 12.7) | 12.5 (11.2 to 14.0) | 12.7 (11.6 to 14.0) | 12.0 (10.8 to 13.2) | 12.1 (11.1 to 13.2) | 13.5 (12.5 to 14.7) | 1.7 (−1.2 to 4.8) | .19 |
| Highest education level in household | |||||||||
| MBDD | |||||||||
| Less than high school | 22.4 (20.3 to 24.6) | 23.3 (19.1 to 28.0) | 25.9 (19.2 to 33.6) | 21.1 (16.1 to 26.7) | 23.2 (18.3 to 28.7) | 22.9 (18.1 to 28.2) | 18.5 (14.3 to 23.2) | −3.4 (−8.8 to 2.4) | .18 |
| High school graduate | 28.3 (27.2 to 29.5) | 27.6 (25.2 to 30.2) | 28.1 (24.6 to 31.9) | 30.1 (27.3 to 33.1) | 28.2 (25.4 to 31.3) | 27.3 (25.0 to 29.7) | 28.7 (26.3 to 31.2) | 0.1 (−2.3 to 2.6) | .90 |
| More than high school | 26.3 (25.9 to 26.8) | 25.0 (24.1 to 26.0) | 24.7 (23.4 to 26.0) | 26.2 (25.1 to 27.2) | 25.9 (24.8 to 27.1) | 27.5 (26.5 to 28.6) | 28.7 (27.7 to 29.7) | 2.9 (1.5 to 4.3) | .004 |
| MEB | |||||||||
| Less than high school | 17.8 (15.9 to 19.8) | 17.8 (14.3 to 21.9) | 22.0 (15.5 to 29.6) | 14.8 (10.8 to 19.7) | 19.6 (14.9 to 24.9) | 17.6 (13.4 to 22.5) | 15.5 (11.5 to 20.1) | −2.3 (−10.3 to 6.5) | .50 |
| High school graduate | 20.6 (19.6 to 21.6) | 20.1 (18.0 to 22.3) | 18.8 (16.0 to 21.8) | 22.3 (19.9 to 24.8) | 21.4 (18.8 to 24.2) | 21.2 (19.1 to 23.4) | 19.8 (17.9 to 21.9) | 0.1 (−3.8 to 4.3) | .93 |
| More than high school | 19.4 (19.0 to 19.8) | 18.3 (17.5 to 19.1) | 17.6 (16.6 to 18.7) | 19.0 (18.1 to 20.0) | 19.3 (18.3 to 20.4) | 20.5 (19.6 to 21.5) | 21.6 (20.7 to 22.5) | 3.7 (1.7 to 5.6) | .006 |
| DLLD | |||||||||
| Less than high school | 12.7 (11.1 to 14.5) | 14.6 (10.9 to 18.9) | 15.2 (9.8 to 22.0) | 10.6 (7.3 to 14.8) | 12.8 (9.3 to 16.9) | 15.3 (11.4 to 20.0) | 8.3 (5.9 to 11.3) | −6.3 (−19.2 to 8.7) | .29 |
| High school graduate | 16.9 (15.9 to 17.9) | 15.6 (13.7 to 17.7) | 17.2 (14.2 to 20.4) | 17.1 (14.8 to 19.6) | 17.8 (15.2 to 20.5) | 15.5 (13.7 to 17.4) | 18.2 (16.0 to 20.5) | 1.5 (−3.1 to 6.4) | .42 |
| More than high school | 14.6 (14.2 to 14.9) | 13.6 (12.9 to 14.3) | 14.1 (13.1 to 15.2) | 14.5 (13.7 to 15.4) | 14.2 (13.3 to 15.1) | 15.2 (14.4 to 16.0) | 15.8 (15.0 to 16.6) | 2.9 (1.6 to 4.1) | .003 |
| Primary household language | |||||||||
| MBDD | |||||||||
| English | 28.1 (27.7 to 28.6) | 26.8 (25.9 to 27.8) | 27.3 (25.9 to 28.7) | 28.2 (27.1 to 29.3) | 27.9 (26.8 to 29.1) | 29.0 (28.0 to 30.0) | 29.6 (28.6 to 30.6) | 2.0 (1.3 to 2.6) | .001 |
| Any other language | 16.0 (14.6 to 17.5) | 16.4 (13.3 to 19.8) | 14.9 (10.9 to 19.6) | 16.5 (13.1 to 20.4) | 15.1 (11.8 to 19.0) | 15.6 (12.6 to 19.0) | 17.6 (14.5 to 21.1) | 1.1 (−2.9 to 5.3) | .49 |
| MEB | |||||||||
| English | 21.0 (20.6 to 21.4) | 19.8 (19.0 to 20.7) | 19.7 (18.5 to 20.9) | 20.8 (19.8 to 21.8) | 21.2 (20.1 to 22.3) | 22.1 (21.1 to 23.0) | 22.2 (21.4 to 23.1) | 2.5 (1.7 to 3.3) | .001 |
| Any other language | 10.9 (9.7 to 12.2) | 11.5 (9.0 to 14.4) | 9.5 (6.2 to 13.7) | 10.7 (7.8 to 14.1) | 11.0 (8.0 to 14.6) | 10.8 (8.2 to 13.9) | 11.8 (9.2 to 14.8) | 0.8 (−3.4 to 5.1) | .65 |
| DLLD | |||||||||
| English | 15.8 (15.4 to 16.2) | 14.7 (14.0 to 15.4) | 15.7 (14.6 to 16.9) | 15.7 (14.8 to 16.6) | 15.6 (14.7 to 16.5) | 16.4 (15.5 to 17.2) | 16.7 (15.9 to 17.5) | 2.4 (1.3 to 3.5) | .004 |
| Any other language | 9.4 (8.3 to 10.6) | 10.2 (7.6 to 13.3) | 9.5 (6.3 to 13.6) | 8.6 (6.4 to 11.3) | 9.4 (6.8 to 12.5) | 9.3 (7.0 to 12.1) | 9.5 (7.2 to 12.2) | −0.9 (−4.6 to 3.0) | .55 |
| Geographic classification g | |||||||||
| MBDD | |||||||||
| Urban or suburban | 26.0 (25.5 to 26.5) | 24.9 (23.9 to 25.9) | 25.1 (23.7 to 26.6) | 26.0 (24.9 to 27.2) | 25.7 (24.5 to 27.0) | 27.0 (25.9 to 28.1) | 27.3 (26.3 to 28.4) | 1.9 (1.1 to 2.7) | .002 |
| Rural | 28.8 (27.9 to 29.7) | 28.4 (26.5 to 30.3) | 29.0 (26.4 to 31.8) | 28.9 (26.5 to 31.4) | 29.0 (26.6 to 31.5) | 27.0 (24.8 to 29.3) | 30.5 (28.3 to 32.8) | 0.6 (−2.1 to 3.4) | .56 |
| MEB | |||||||||
| Urban or suburban | 19.2 (18.8 to 19.6) | 18.3 (17.4 to 19.2) | 17.9 (16.7 to 19.1) | 18.9 (17.9 to 19.9) | 19.5 (18.4 to 20.6) | 20.2 (19.3 to 21.2) | 20.3 (19.4 to 21.2) | 2.4 (1.4 to 3.5) | .003 |
| Rural | 21.7 (20.9 to 22.6) | 21.0 (19.3 to 22.7) | 21.8 (19.4 to 24.2) | 21.5 (19.5 to 23.7) | 21.8 (19.7 to 24.1) | 21.4 (19.3 to 23.6) | 22.9 (20.9 to 25.0) | 1.3 (−0.04 to 2.6) | .06 |
| DLLD | |||||||||
| Urban or suburban | 14.7 (14.4 to 15.1) | 13.9 (13.1 to 14.8) | 14.6 (13.4 to 15.9) | 14.5 (13.6 to 15.5) | 14.6 (13.6 to 15.6) | 15.5 (14.6 to 16.4) | 15.3 (14.5 to 16.2) | 2.0 (0.8 to 3.3) | .009 |
| Rural | 15.6 (14.8 to 16.3) | 15.1 (13.6 to 16.7) | 16.5 (14.4 to 18.8) | 15.3 (13.4 to 17.3) | 15.7 (13.9 to 17.7) | 13.7 (12.2 to 15.2) | 17.2 (15.4 to 19.2) | 0.2 (−5.5 to 6.3) | .92 |
Abbreviations: DLLD, developmental, learning, and language disorders; MBDD, mental, behavioral, and developmental disorder; MEB, mental, emotional, and behavioral condition.
a
Calculated by linear trend test. Significant at P < .05.
b
MBDD categories are not mutually exclusive. Children with multiple conditions are included in each applicable category.
c
MEB diagnoses include attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, behavioral or conduct problems, anxiety problems, depression, and Tourette syndrome.
d
DLLD diagnoses include autism spectrum disorder, learning disability, intellectual disability, developmental delay, and speech/other language disorder.
e
Because of small subgroup sample size, annual estimates have been suppressed.
f
Multiply imputed data were incorporated into the analysis for respondents with missing data for federal poverty level (18.3% of the analytic sample).
g
The US. Census Bureau reviewed this data product for unauthorized disclosure of confidential information and approved the disclosure avoidance practices applied to this release: CBDRB-FY23-POP001–0105.