Mortality of aphids previously reared on aphid susceptible cv. WL343 or resistant cv. Zhongmu No. 1 alfalfa and transferred to either cv. WL343 (a) or cv. Zhongmu No. 1. (b), with mortality measured over a 120 h period. Behavioral selection by aphids provided with leaves treated with saliva collected from either the aphid susceptible cv. WL343 (c), or the aphid resistant cv. Zhongmu No. 1 (d) compared to the control leaves or between the two saliva treatments (e) at 6, 24, and 48 h. (f,g) Mortality of naive aphids infecting leaves after either the S-saliva or R-saliva infiltration treatment compared to control plants. The “R-aphid” and “S-aphid” in A and B represent T. trifolii reared on aphid-resistant alfalfa (Zhongmu No. 1) and susceptible alfalfa (WL343) for more than 50 generations, respectively. The “*” in (a,b,f,g) indicate significant differences in mortality (p < 0.05) using the log rank (Kaplan–Cox) test. The “*” in (c,d,e) indicate significant differences in aphid numbers (p < 0.05) using Tukey’s HSD test.