Table 3. The optimal robust solution obtained under different λ.
| Parameters | ESOA solution | WOA solution | DBO solution | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| λ | D | m | s | r | m | s | r | m | s | r |
| 10 | 0.1 | 20.0000 | 2.0000 | 1.371784 | 19.9884 | 1.9999 | 1.371303 | 20.0000 | 2.0000 | 1.371784 |
| 12 | 0.1 | 25.0000 | 2.5000 | 1.914081 | 24.9860 | 2.4998 | 1.913531 | 25.0000 | 2.5000 | 1.914081 |
| 14 | 0.1 | 30.0000 | 3.0000 | 2.442344 | 29.9749 | 2.9998 | 2.441594 | 30.0000 | 3.0000 | 2.442344 |
| 16 | 0.1 | 35.0000 | 3.5000 | 2.962600 | 34.9726 | 3.4997 | 2.961919 | 35.0000 | 3.5000 | 2.962600 |
| 18 | 0.1 | 40.0000 | 4.0000 | 3.477881 | 39.9918 | 3.9990 | 3.476800 | 40.0000 | 4.0000 | 3.477881 |
| 20 | 0.1 | 45.0000 | 4.5000 | 3.989867 | 44.9870 | 4.4992 | 3.988864 | 45.0000 | 4.5000 | 3.989867 |