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The changes in urinary cytokines NGAL, CXCL-1, IL-8, and CXCL-10 among patients with a history of recurrent UTI, who had persistent UTI (n = 9), recurrent UTI (n = 10), and no UTI recurrence (n = 21) within 3 months after the first UTI episode and antibiotics treatment. * significant change in urinary biomarker at a time point compared with the baseline in the same subgroup. # significant difference among the three subgroups at each time point.
