Table 3.
Consumption of nutrient according to 24 h recall and dietary records at baseline (0) and 1, 2, and 3 months of intervention.
| Months | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parameter | Group | Mean Sd | p Value | Mean Sd | p Value | Mean Sd | p Value | Mean Sd | p Value |
| Energy (kcal) | A | 1771.0 ± 593.9 | 0.632 | 1964.1 ± 660.5 | 0.768 | 1829.7 ± 708.1 | 0.018 | 1820.6 ± 588.6 | 0.290 |
| B | 1850.4 ± 652.9 | 2073.1 ± 668.5 | 2118.1 ± 737.7 | 2027.1 ± 618.0 | |||||
| C | 2056.3 ± 619.7 | 2055.3 ± 736.9 | 1837.7 ± 775.7 | 2042.4 ± 791.1 | |||||
| Protein (g) | A | 74.2 ± 30.5 | 0.836 | 84.9 ± 31.1 | 0.007 | 79.7 ± 30.4 | 0.003 | 81.8 ± 28.0 | 0.293 |
| B | 79.2 ± 29.4 | 96.3 ± 35.9 | 94.8 ± 35.1 | 90.6 ± 26.5 | |||||
| C | 80.6 ± 28.5 | 96.9 ± 34.1 | 83.9 ± 32.7 | 101.5 ± 46.0 | |||||
| Total lipids (g) | A | 67.9 ± 24.6 | 0.914 | 76.8 ± 34.1 | 0.410 | 72.5 ± 36.2 | 0.004 | 73.9 ± 35.3 | 0.273 |
| B | 73.7 ± 36.6 | 81.3 ± 38.4 | 88.6 ± 39.5 | 84.1 ± 30.5 | |||||
| C | 77.4 ± 39.1 | 84.3 ± 38.7 | 73.5 ± 35.5 | 90.3 ± 40.1 | |||||
| SFA (g) | A | 18.4 ± 7.5 | 0.904 | 19.7 ± 9.5 | 0.001 | 19.3 ± 11.1 | 0.002 | 17.6 ± 8.4 | <0.001 |
| B | 17.5 ± 6.9 a | 23.1 ± 11.3 ab | 25.1 ± 12.8 ab | 27.9 ± 15.9 b | |||||
| C | 19.7 ± 10.3 | 25.9 ± 11.3 | 22.4 ± 11.9 | 29.1 ± 10.5 | |||||
| MUFA (g) | A | 18.3 ± 9.8 | 0.881 | 21.4 ± 13.7 | 0.004 | 19.8 ± 12.0 | 0.092 | 18.7 ± 9.7 | 0.002 |
| B | 22.1 ± 15.3 a | 27.2 ± 18.6 ab | 30.6 ± 15.8 ab | 28.0 ± 11.8 b | |||||
| C | 21.2 ± 15.8 | 25.8 ± 17.4 | 22.5 ± 13.9 | 28.3 ± 15.5 | |||||
| PUFA (g) | A | 9.7 ± 7.6 a | 0.450 | 14.9 ± 8.5 b | 0.037 | 16.6 ± 10.1 b | 0.003 | 14.4 ± 6.4 b | 0.413 |
| B | 14.7 ± 14.8 | 13.8 ± 10.8 | 16.6 ± 11.1 | 13.3 ± 7.1 | |||||
| C | 10.6 ± 13.0 | 13.7 ± 10.9 | 11.3 ± 11.0 | 16.3 ± 13.6 | |||||
| Cholesterol (mg) | A | 517.3 ± 414.9 | 0.379 | 462.5 ± 281.3 | 0.582 | 468.4 ± 339.7 | 0.790 | 349.9 ± 287.2 | 0.011 |
| B | 393.1 ± 268.3 | 467.1 ± 364.5 | 451.5 ± 319.6 | 469.3 ± 213.2 | |||||
| C | 371.6 ± 207.1 | 430.7 ± 311.8 | 427.8 ± 254.1 | 593.0 ± 246.6 | |||||
| Carbohydrates (g) | A | 209.4 ± 74.3 | 0.274 | 222.3 ± 78.5 | 0.573 | 201.5 ± 79.2 | 0.104 | 198.6 ± 64.9 | 0.471 |
| B | 207.7 ± 93.6 | 227.9 ± 87.8 | 223.1 ± 94.5 | 218.1 ± 80.7 | |||||
| C | 252.1 ± 69.8 | 217.4 ± 85.5 | 198.3 ± 98.9 | 192.5 ± 73.1 | |||||
| Dietary fiber (g) | A | 9.9 ± 5.4 | 0.059 | 14.0 ± 9.8 | 0.267 | 11.2 ± 6.5 | 0.026 | 11.9 ± 5.3 | 0.035 |
| B | 16.3 ± 11.4 | 16.3 ± 9.7 | 15.2 ± 11.1 | 16.9 ± 8.1 | |||||
| C | 18.4 ± 10.2 | 15.8 ± 10.1 | 13.2 ± 6.1 | 14.1 ± 7.2 | |||||
| Vitamin E (mg) | A | 0.05 ± 0.14 a | 0.912 | 0.67± 0.64 b | <0.001 | 0.53 ± 0.52 b | <0.001 | 0.45 ± 0.36 b | <0.001 |
| B | 0.18 ± 0.04 a | 2.44 ± 0.00 b | 2.38 ± 0.37 b | 2.38 ± 0.34 b | |||||
| C | 0.26 ± 0.15 | 0.32 ± 0.11 | 0.34 ± 0.28 | 0.38 ± 0.19 | |||||
| Sodium (mg) | A | 1746.7 ± 938.5 | 0.093 | 2255.0 ± 1347.0 | 0.068 | 2372.1 ± 1572.0 | 0.004 | 2003.6 ± 933.0 | 0.015 |
| B | 1955.0 ± 990.8 | 2581.2 ± 1681.6 | 2928.6 ± 1655.6 | 2833.5 ± 1411.9 | |||||
| C | 2481.3 ± 879.5 | 2187.1 ± 1021.4 | 2036.3 ± 1027.1 | 2692.2 ± 1050.7 | |||||
Values are means ± standard deviation (sd). Different lowercase letters in a column indicate a significant difference within groups (p ≤ 0.05). Group A: Yogurt with 3.5% of Sacha Inchi oil (SIO). Group B: Yogurt with 3.5% of hybrid palm oil (HPO). Group C: Control yogurt (placebo).