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. 2024 Nov 25;25(23):12654. doi: 10.3390/ijms252312654

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© 2024 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Variation of Tas2r gene number within representative vertebrate clades. The intact Tas2r gene number for (A) ray-finned fish, (B) amphibians, (C) birds, (D) Lepidosaurians, and (E) mammals is shown as boxplots with the mean Tas2r number for each clade. Phylogenetic trees were retrieved from previous studies (ray-finned fish, amphibians, and birds) [58,59,60] or the TimeTree 5 database (Lepidosaurians and mammals) [61]. Stars indicate whole-genome duplication events within the branches. Taxonomic groups in red include species fully adapted to aquatic environments. The taxonomic clades mentioned in the main text are marked with animal silhouettes. Animal silhouettes are obtained from PhyloPic (https://www.phylopic.org/, accessed on 28 May 2024). The silhouettes of the koala and numbat drawn by Sarah Werning and the silhouette of the vampire bat drawn by Roberto Díaz Sibaja are reused under CC BY 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). The silhouette of the manatee drawn by Flurin Leugger are reused under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).