The tuning breadth of vertebrate T2Rs. The receptive ranges of representative vertebrate T2Rs are classified into “broad”, “intermediate”, “narrow”, and “group-specific” based on the ratio of agonists in the total number of substances tested in the screening studies, which included in total over 20 substances except for a receptor of vampire bats (19 substances) [5,6,19,20,27,28,56,57,64,65,66,67,73] and represented in bar plots. The number of tested substances is shown as the size of circles next to the species names. Bb bamboo shark and Ws bamboo shark indicate the brownbanded bamboo shark and whitespotted bamboo shark, respectively.