5-HT2c	serotonin receptor type 2C
α2MG	α2 macroglobulin
Aβ	amyloid-β
ACE	angiotensin convertase
Ach	acetylcholine
AchE	acetylcholinesterase
ACTH	adrenocorticotropic hormone
ADAM	disintegrin and metalloprotease domain
ADAMTS4	ADAM with a thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 4
ADP	anterodorsal preoptic nucleus
Al	aluminum
ALS	amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
AMPA	α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid
AMPK	5′ adenosine mono-phosphate-activated protein kinase
apoE	apolipoprotein E
APJ	putative receptor protein related to ATl
APP	amyloid precursor protein
AQP	aquaporin
ARAS	ascending reticular activation system
ARC	arcuate nucleus
AVP	arginine vasopressin
AVPV	anteroventral periventricular nucleus
BACE	β-site APP-cleaving enzyme
BBB	blood–brain barrier
BChE	butyrylcholinesterase
BDNF	brain-derived neurotrophic factor
Ca	calcium
cAMP	cyclic adenosine monophosphate
CAMK II	calcium calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II
CCK	cholecystokinin
CDK	cyclin-dependent kinase
CGRP	calcitonin gene-related peptide
CHK1	cell cycle checkpoint protein kinase 1
CIP2A	cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2
CJD	Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease
CNS	central nervous system
CRF	corticotrope-releasing factor
CRFBP	CRF-binding protein
CRFR	CRF receptor
CTE	chronic traumatic encephalopathy
Cu	copper
CSF	cerebrospinal fluid
DAG	diacylglycerol
DRD2	dopamine receptor type 2
ECE	endothelin-converting enzyme
eNOS	endothelial nitric oxide synthase
EOAD	early-onset Alzheimer’s disease
FAD	familial Alzheimer’s disease
FDA	Food and Drug Administration
FKBP51	tacrolimus (FK506)-binding protein 51
FMLP	N-formyl-Methionine-Leucin-Phenylalanine
FSH	follicle-stimulating hormone
FTD	frontotemporal lobar degeneration
GAS	general adaptation syndrome
GBM	glioblastoma
GH	growth hormone
GHS-R	growth hormone secretagogue receptor
ghrelin-R	ghrelin receptor
GHRH	GH-releasing hormone
GHRH-R	GHRH receptor
GnRH	gonadotropin-releasing hormone
GnRH-R	gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor
GIP	glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide
GLP-1	glucagon-like peptide 1
Glu	glutamate
GLUT	glucose transporter
GOAT	ghrelin O-acyltransferase
GnIH	gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone
GOF	gain of function
GPCRs	G protein-coupled receptors
GSK-3β	glycogen synthase kinase 3β
HPA	hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal cortex
HPG	hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal
IDE	insulin-degrading enzyme
IGF	insulin-like growth factor
IP3	Inositol triphosphate
Jak	Janus kinase
JNK	c-Jun N-terminal kinases
KNDy	kisspeptin, dynorphin-A, and neurokinin-B cosecretory
KISSR1	kisspeptin receptor
KOR	kappa opioid receptor
KP	kisspeptin
LC	locus coeruleus
LDT	lateral dorsal tegmental
LH	luteinizing hormone
LHRH	luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone
LOAD	late-onset Alzheimer’s disease
LOF	loss of function
LRP	lipoprotein receptor-related protein
MAPK	mitogen-activated protein kinase
MC3R	melanocortin-3 receptor
MCH	melanin-concentrating hormone
Mg	magnesium
MMP	matrix metalloprotease
Mn	manganese
MS	multiple sclerosis
MT	mesopontine tegmentum
mtDNA	mitochondrial DNA
mTOR	mammalian target of rapamycin
MWM	Morris water maze
NCX	Na+/Ca2+ exchanger
NEP	neprilysin
NGF	nerve growth factor
NFκB	nuclear factor κ B
NLRP3	Nod-like receptor protein 3
NMDA	N-methyl-D-aspartate
NM	neuromedin
NMN	neuromedin N
NMS	neuromedin S
NMU	neuromedin U
NO	nitric oxide
NP	natriuretic peptide
NPAF	neuropeptide AF
NPFF	neuropeptide FF
NPFFR1	neuropeptide FF receptor 1
NPFFR2	neuropeptide FF receptor 2
NPSF	neuropeptide SF
NPY	neuropeptide Y
NR	nucleus raphe
NRC3C1	nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, and member 1
NSCCs	non-selective cation channels
NT	neurotensin
OCD	obsessive compulsive disorder
OXR	orexin receptor
OX1R	orexin-1 receptor
OX2R	orexin-2 receptor
PACAP	pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide
PeN	periventricular nucleus
PG	periaqueductal grey
PKC	protein kinase C
PLC	phospholipase-C
POA	preoptic area
POCD	postoperative cognitive dysfunction
POMC	pro-opiomelanocortin
PPT	pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus
PrD	prion disease
PrP	prion protein
PrPc	cellular prion protein
PrPp	scrapie prion protein
PrRP	prolactin-releasing peptide
PrRPR	prolactin-releasing peptide receptor
PSEN	presenilin
PSP	progressive supranuclear palsy
PTP	phosphotyrosine phosphatase
PVN	paraventricular nuclei
QRFP	pyroglutamylated RFamide
QRFP-R	pyroglutamylated RFamide peptide receptor
RAAS	renin angiotensin aldosterone system
RAGE	receptor for advanced glycation end products
RFamide	arginine–phenylalanine–amide
ROS	reactive oxygen species
SA	sympathoadrenal
SAD	sporadic Alzheimer’s disease
SAPP-α	soluble APP-α
SCN	suprachiasmatic nucleus
SIRS	severe inflammatory response syndrome
SOD	superoxide dismutase
SON	supraoptic nucleus
SV	splice variant
TBIs	traumatic brain injuries
TNFα	tumor necrosis-α
TRH	thyrotropin-releasing hormone
TrK	tyrosine kinase
UCN	urocortin
Unc	uncoordinated
ULK1	Unc-51-like autophagy-activating kinase 1
UPS	ubiquitin–proteasome system
URP	urotensin-related peptide
UTN	urotensin
V1BR	vasopressin 1B receptor
V1R	vasopressin 1 receptor
vCJD	variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease
Zn	zinc