Table 2:

Association of length of hospital stay with comorbidities known for community-acquired bacterial pneumonia hospitalization and socio-demographic characteristics

Risk factors	TR	p-value
Comorbidity/behavioral characteristics
COPD
yes	0.73 (0.65,0.82)	< 0.0001
no	ref	ref
Heart failure
yes	1.27 (1.12,1.43)	0.0002
no	ref	ref
Stroke
yes	1.90 (1.54,2.35)	< 0.0001
no	ref	ref
Diabetes Mellitus type 2
yes	1.20 (1.07,1.36)	0.003
no	ref	ref
Smoking
ever	0.97 (0.86,1.10)	0.453
never	ref	ref
BMI
underweight (BMI < 18.5)	0.98 (0.80,1.20)	0.823
overweight (BMI 25.0 – 29.9)	1.26 (1.09,1.45)	0.002
obese or worse (BMI ≥ 30.0)	1.50 (1.31,1.72)	< 0.0001
normal (BMI 18.5 – 24.9)	ref	ref
Demographic characteristics
Age
≥ 65	0.85 (0.76,0.96)	0.008
< 65	ref	ref
Sex
female	0.81 (0.72,0.90)	0.0002
male	ref	ref
Race
black	1.17 (1.04,1.31)	0.011
others	1.16 (0.85,1.59)	0.352
white	ref	ref
Admission source
home	1.03 (0.88,1.20)	0.698
physician office	ref	ref

Death was censored, and all patients were censored at 30 days. Patients admitted for more than 100 days were excluded. Accelerated failure time model with log-normal distribution was used for estimation. Model adjusted for medical intensive care unit admission, Charlson comorbidity index, age, sex, race, smoking status. TR: time ratio estimate comparing ratio of time from admission to discharge. ref: reference group. COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. COPD diagnosis was based on time of bacterial pneumonia admission. Chronic lung diseases included COPD, asthma, and bronchiectasis.