Table 3:

Association of medical intensive care unit admission with comorbidities known for community-acquired bacterial pneumonia hospitalization and socio-demographic characteristics

Risk factors	RR	p-value
Comorbidity/behavioral characteristics
COPD
yes	0.97 (0.82,1.15)	0.732
no	ref	ref
Heart failure
yes	1.38 (1.17,1.62)	< 0.0001
no	ref	ref
Stroke
yes	0.97 (0.73,1.27)	0.829
no	ref	ref
Diabetes Mellitus type 2
yes	1.14 (0.96,1.34)	0.114
no	ref	ref
Smoking
ever	0.95 (0.81,1.12)	0.554
never	ref	ref
BMI
underweight (BMI < 18.5)	1.00 (0.82,1.46)	0.528
overweight (BMI 25.0 – 29.9)	1.02 (0.83,1.27)	0.831
obese or worse (BMI ≥ 30.0)	1.26 (1.04,1.52)	0.018
normal (BMI 18.5 – 24.9)	ref	ref
Demographic characteristics
Age
≥ 65	1.04 (0.89,1.22)	0.625
< 65	ref	ref
Sex
female	1.14 (0.98,1.34)	0.093
male	ref	ref
Race
black	1.09 (0.93,1.29)	0.283
others	0.99 (0.63,1.54)	0.954
white	ref	ref
Admission source
home	1.45 (1.11,1.88)	0.006
physician office	ref	ref

Model adjusted for medical intensive care unit admission, Charlson comorbidity index, age, sex, race, smoking status. RR: adjusted risk ratio estimate from modified Poisson regression model. ref: reference group. COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. COPD diagnosis was based on time of bacterial pneumonia admission.