Table 4:

Association of in-hospital all-cause mortality with comorbidities known for community-acquired bacterial pneumonia hospitalization and socio-demographic characteristics

Risk factors	RR	p-value
Comorbidity/behavioral characteristics
COPD
yes	0.73 (0.57,0.93)	0.011
no	ref	ref
Heart failure
yes	1.12 (0.87,1.43)	0.376
no	ref	ref
Stroke
yes	1.45 (1.03,2.04)	0.032
no	ref	ref
Diabetes Mellitus type 2
yes	0.80 (0.63,1.02)	0.073
no	ref	ref
Smoking
ever	0.81 (0.64,1.02)	0.079
never	ref	ref
BMI
underweight (BMI < 18.5)	1.42 (0.98,2.05)	0.061
overweight (BMI 25.0 – 29.9)	1.23 (0.92,1.66)	0.167
obese or worse (BMI ≥ 30.0)	1.07 (0.80,1.44)	0.633
normal (BMI 18.5 – 24.9)	ref	ref
Demographic characteristics
Age
≥ 65	1.34 (1.06,1.68)	0.014
< 65	ref	ref
Sex
female	0.90 (0.71,1.13)	0.357
male	ref	ref
Race
black	1.17 (0.92,1.48)	0.190
others	1.96 (1.20,3.21)	0.008
white	ref	ref
Admission source
home	1.02(0.73,1.42)	0.921
physician office	ref	ref

Model adjusted for medical intensive care unit admission, Charlson comorbidity index, age, sex, race, smoking status. RR: adjusted risk ratio estimate from modified Poisson regression model. ref: reference group. COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. COPD diagnosis was based on time of bacterial pneumonia admission.