Figure 4.

Regulation of ROS metabolism by exogenous calcium. (A) Ca²⁺ signaling and ROS signaling synergistically regulate intracellular redox homeostasis. (B) DEGs associated with SOD, CAT, and POD. (C) Amino acid sequence structural domain analysis of two CAT2 genes. CW, cell wall; Mit, mitochondrion; IM, inner mitochondrial membrane; Cyt, cytoplasm; Per, peroxisome; APX, ascorbate peroxidase; ASC, ascorbate; DHA, dehydroascorbate; DHAR, dehydroascorbate reductase; NADPH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate; GPX, glutathione peroxidase; GSH, reduced glutathione; GSSG, oxidized glutathione; GR, glutathione reductase; Prx, peroxiredoxin; Trx, thioredoxin reductase.