Abbreviations	Full name
AC	Alternating current
cAMP	Cyclic adenosine monophosphate
cm	Centimeter
DC	Direct current
DMF/MEF	Monoethyl fumarate
EF	Electric field
FAEs	Fumarate esters
FOXP3	Forkhead box transcription factor P3
HS	Heat shock
IFC	Interfering currents
IFN-γ	Interferon-γ
IL-1β	Interleukin-1β
IL-10	Interleukin-10
IL-17	Interleukin-17
IL-17A	Interleukin-17A
IL-21	Interleukin-21
IL-22	Interleukin-22
IL-23	Interleukin-23
IP	Iontophoresis
ISDs	Inflammatory skin diseases
JAK	Janus kinase
KCs	Keratinocytes
LCs	Langerhans cells
mA	Milliampere
mD-eMN	Multi-component drug-filling electronic microneedle
MES	Mild electrical stimulation
MTX	Methotrexate
NF-κB	Nuclear factor kappa B
PASI	Psoriasis Area and Severity Index
pDCs	Plasmacytoid dendritic cells
PDE4	Phosphodiesterase type 4
PsA	Psoriatic arthritis
Th1	T helper cell 1
Th17	T helper cell 17
TNF-α	Tumor necrosis factor α
TRM	Tissue-resident memory T
UV	Ultraviolet