Single-cell migration using the transwell migration assay after mycobacteria infection. Transwell migration experiments demonstrate significant inhibition of cell migration in mycobacteria-infected T24, 5637, and SW780 BC cell lines. Graphs show cell counts per field (N = 20, obtained from five different random fields per transwell) for T24 (A), 5637 (B), and SW780 (C) cell lines, along with representative images for each condition. The scale of the images is comparable (at ×100 magnification). Data are presented as means ± SD from four independent experiments. Statistical comparisons were made using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Dunnett’s post-hoc test: **** p < 0.0001; ** p < 0.01; * p < 0.05 versus non-infected cells.