4-HNE	4-hydroxynonenal
ACh	Acetylcholine
AGEs	Advanced glycation end-products
AD	Alzheimer’s disease
Aβ	Amyloid-beta
Aβ42	Amyloid-beta 42
APP	Amyloid precursor protein
ALS	Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
α7-nAChRs	α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
ASOs	Antisense oligonucleotides
BBB	Blood–brain barrier
BDNF	Brain-derived neurotrophic factor
CARPA	Complement activation-related pseudoallergy
CSF	Cerebrospinal fluid
CMA	Chaperone-mediated autophagy
ChAT	Choline acetyltransferase
CSF1R	Colony-Stimulating Factor 1 Receptor
CARPA	Complement activation-related pseudoallergy
CYP	Cytochrome P450
DAMPs	Damage-associated molecular patterns
ETC	Electron transport chain
ER	Endoplasmic reticulum
EPPS	4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazinepropanesulfonic acid
fAD	Familial Alzheimer’s disease
GABA	Gamma-aminobutyric acid
GDNF	Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor
GPx	Glutathione peroxidase
IKK	IκB kinase
iPSCs	Induced pluripotent stem cells
IL-1β	Interleukin-1β
IL-10	Interleukin-10
IL-6	Interleukin-6
JAK	Janus kinase
LPS	Lipopolysaccharides
LMTM	Leuco-methylthioninium bis(hydromethanesulfonate)
MDA	Malondialdehyde
MAMs	Mitochondria-Associated Membranes
mtDNA	Mitochondrial DNA
MAPK	Mitogen-activated protein kinase
MSCs	Mesenchymal stem cells
mGluRs	Metabotropic glutamate receptors
miRNAs	MicroRNAs
mHTT	Mutant huntingtin
NfL	Neurofilament light chain
NFTs	Neurofibrillary tangles
NLRs	NOD-like receptors
ncRNAs	Non-coding RNAs
NF-κB	Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
PHFs	Paired helical filaments
PRRs	Pattern recognition receptors
PPARs	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors
PET	Positron emission tomography
PSEN1	Presenilin 1
PSEN2	Presenilin 2
polyQ	Polyglutamine
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
RAGE	Receptor for advanced glycation end-products
RNAi	RNA interference
STAT6	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 6
SOD	Superoxide dismutase
TLRs	Toll-like receptors
TGF-β	Transforming growth factor-beta
TNF-α	Tumor necrosis factor-alpha
TH	Tyrosine hydroxylase
USPIO	Ultra-small superparamagnetic iron oxide
UCPs	Uncoupling proteins
UPR	Unfolded protein response
UPS	Ubiquitin–proteasome system
VMAT2	Vesicular monoamine transporter 2