Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics.
| Study | Country | Design | Taping Type | Sample Size (n) | Males: Females (n) | Mean Age ± SD (years) | Mean BMI ± SD (kg/m2) | Taping Length | Exercise Frequency | Follow-Up |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Akbas et al., 2011 [24] | Turkey | RCT | Kinesio | 15 | 0:15 | 41.00 ± 11.26 | 25.17 ± 4.80 | 5-day application interval for 6 weeks | NR | Baseline, 3 weeks, 6 weeks |
| Agostini et al., 2023 (Kinesio) [38] | Italy | Non-randomised clinical trial | Kinesio | 16 | 4:12 | 30.40 ± 11.70 | NR | Renewed every 3–4 days for 12 weeks | Daily | Baseline, 12 weeks |
| Agostini et al., 2023 (McConnell) [38] | Italy | Non-randomised clinical trial | McConnell | 19 | 5: 14 | 30.79 ± 13.14 | NR | Renewed daily for 12 weeks | Daily | Baseline, 12 weeks |
| Arrebola et al., 2020 [25] | Brazil | RCT | Kinesio | 13 | 0:13 | 30.38 ± 8.40 | 24.37 ± 2.60 | 3 to 5-day application interval for 12 weeks | 2× weekly | Baseline, 6 weeks, 12 weeks, 24 weeks |
| Basbug et al., 2022 [26] | Turkey | RCT | Kinesio | 15 | 0:15 | 34.10 ± 8.90 | 23.90 ± 5.10 | Renewed weekly for 6 weeks | Weekly | Baseline, 6 weeks, 12 weeks |
| Crossley et al., 2002 [27] | Australia | RCT | McConnell | 36 | 13:23 | 29.00 ± 8.00 | 23.50 ± 3.80 | Renewed daily for 6 weeks | Daily | Baseline, 6 weeks |
| Demirci et al., 2017 [28] | Turkey | RCT | Kinesio | 17 | 0:17 | 36.70 ± 7.80 | 24.70 ± 4.90 | Renewed 2× weekly for 2 weeks | Daily | Baseline, 2 weeks, 6 weeks |
| Dominic et al., 2022 [29] | India | Non-randomised clinical trial | Kinesio | 15 | 6:9 | NR | NR | Renewed every 3 days for 4 weeks | 3× weekly | Baseline, 4 weeks |
| Elhafz et al., 2011 (open kinetic chain exercise group) [30] | Egypt | RCT | McConnell | 15 | NR | NR | NR | Renewed 3× weekly for 4 weeks | 3× weekly | Baseline, 4 weeks |
| Elhafz et al., 2011 (closed kinetic chain exercise group) [30] | Egypt | RCT | McConnell | 15 | NR | NR | NR | Renewed 3× weekly for 4 weeks | 3× weekly | Baseline, 4 weeks |
| Ghourbanpour et al., 2018 [31] | Iran | RCT | McConnell | 15 | NR | 33.85 ± 10.29 | 24.70 ± 6.76 | Renewed 3× weekly for 4 weeks | 3× weekly | Baseline, 4 weeks |
| Günay et al., 2017 [32] | Turkey | RCT | Kinesio | 16 | 5:11 | 36.00 ± 8.00 | 25.60 ± 2.60 | Renewed 2× weekly for 6 weeks | 2× weekly | Baseline, 6 weeks |
| Kaya et al., 2013 [33] | Turkey | RCT | McConnell | 15 | 0:15 | 39.50 ± 12.40 | NR | Renewed daily for 6 weeks | Daily | Baseline, 6 weeks |
| Kuru et al., 2012 [34] | Turkey | Non-randomised clinical trial | Kinesio | 15 | 3:12 | 32.93 ± 12.17 | 23.65 ± 4.59 | Renewed every 5 days for 6 weeks | Daily | Baseline, 6 weeks |
| Lee et al., 2023 [35] | Korea | Retrospective comparative study | Kinesio | 20 | 5:15 | 27.50 ± 5.40 | 21.90 ± 2.30 | Renewed daily for 4 weeks | 2× daily | Baseline, 4 weeks |
| Rangole et al., 2015 (open kinetic chain exercise group) [36] | India | RCT | Kinesio | 15 | 8:7 | 47.93 ± 5.94 | NR | Renewed every 2–3 days for 2 weeks | Daily | Baseline, 2 weeks |
| Rangole et al., 2015 (closed kinetic chain exercise group) [36] | India | RCT | Kinesio | 15 | 8:7 | 52.67 ± 5.88 | NR | Renewed every 2–3 days for 2 weeks | Daily | Baseline, 2 weeks |
| Şahan et al., 2023 [37] | Turkey | RCT | Kinesio | 14 | 2:12 | 25.00 ± 6.23 | 24.58 ± 3.66 | Continuous for 6 weeks | Daily | Baseline, 6 weeks |
| Songur et al., 2023 [39] | Turkey | RCT | McConnell | 12 | 3:9 | 28.00 ± 12.22 | 23.53 ± 3.55 | Renewed every 3 days for 6 weeks | Daily | Baseline, 6 weeks |
| Vidyarth et al., 2023 [40] | India | Prospective cohort study | Kinesio | 35 | 12:23 | 57.97 ± 4.96 | NR | 6-day application interval for 4 weeks | NR | Baseline, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 4 weeks |
N.B Agostini et al., 2023 are the same study split into Kinesio and McConnell taping groups. Elhafz et al., 2011 are the same study split into open kinetic chain and closed kinetic chain exercise groups. Rangole et al., 2015 are the same study split into open kinetic chain and closed kinetic chain exercise groups. Therefore, the description of 20 studies exists within this table. Overall, 17 unique separate studies were included in this meta-analysis. BMI: body mass index, NR: not reported, RCT: randomized control trial, SD: standard deviation.