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. 2024 Dec 9;25(23):13220. doi: 10.3390/ijms252313220

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Optimal treatment of spermatozoa with probiotics. The bar graphs present the viability of spermatozoa treated with 102 (A), 103 (B), and 104 (C) dilutions of probiotics for 0, 15, and 90 min. * p < 0.05 and *** p < 0.001, versus untreated.