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Quantification of mitochondrial function-related factors by western blotting. (A) Immunoblots of mTOR, phospho-mTOR, AMPK, phospho-AMPK, AKT, SIRT1, phospho-Tyr, and β-actin following treatment of spermatozoa with probiotics. (B–F) The bar graphs present the normalized band intensities of phospho-mTOR (B), p-AMPK (C), SIRT1 (D), AKT (E), and phospho-tyrosine (F). All data are means ± SEM of triplicate measurements. * p < 0.5, *** p < 0.001 versus untreated.
