| βR | beta-adrenergic receptor |
| ATP | adenosine triphosphate |
| cAMP | cyclic adenosine monophosphate |
| PKA | protein kinase A |
| ATF-P | phosphorylated activating transcription factor |
| CREB-P | phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein |
| GATA1-P | phosphorylated GATA-binding protein 1 |
| BARK-P | phosphorylated β-adrenergic receptor kinase |
| STAT-3-P | phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 |
| EPAC | cAMP activation of exchange protein activated by adenylyl cyclase |
| ERK | extracellular signal-regulated kinase |
| AP-1 | activating protein-1 |
| ETS | E26 transformation-specific transcription factor |
| PRR | pro-renin receptor |
| ACE1 | angiotensin-converting enzyme 1 |
| ACE2 | angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 |
| AGT | angiotensinogen |
| ANG(1–7) | angiotensin (1–7) |
| ANG(1–9) | angiotensin (1–9) |
| NEP | neutral endopeptidase |
| ATI | angiotensin I |
| ATII | angiotensin II |
| AT1R | angiotensin II receptor 1 |
| AT2R | angiotensin II receptor 2 |
| AT7R | angiotensin II receptor 7 |
| MasR | Mas receptor |
| PI3K | phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase |
| mTOR | mammalian target of rapamycin |