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. 2024 Nov 30;13(23):7295. doi: 10.3390/jcm13237295

Table 2.

Quintero staging system.

Stage
Stage I Polyhydramnios–oligohydramnios
Stage II No visualization of the fetal bladder in the donor twin
Stage III Doppler abnormalities
  • Absent/reversed umbilical artery end-diastolic flow

  • Reversed a wave flow in the ductus venosus

  • Pulsatile umbilical vein flow

Stage IV Fetal hydrops in one or both twins
Stage V Fetal demise of one or both twins