Table 3.
Cox regression analysis of all-cause mortality in male gout patients (n = 11,822).
| Univariate | Multivariate | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hazard Ratio (95% CI) | p Value | Hazard Ratio (95% CI) | p Value | |
| Age at ULT start | 1.112 (1.107–1.118) | <0.0001 *** | 1.091 (1.085–1.098) | <0.0001 *** |
| BMI | 0.862 (0.848–0.877) | <0.0001 *** | 0.944 (0.927–0.962) | <0.0001 *** |
| Alcohol | ||||
| None or occasional drinking a | ref | ref | ||
| Moderate drinking b | 0.742 (0.694–0.793) | <0.0001 *** | 0.996 (0.934–1.063) | 0.9147 |
| Smoking | ||||
| None or past smoking | ref | ref | ||
| current smoking | 0.844 (0.794–0.897) | <0.0001 *** | 1.261 (1.178–1.349) | <0.0001 *** |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Hypertension | 4.550 (3.843–5.388) | <0.0001 *** | 1.058 (0.876–1.279) | 0.5577 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 3.728 (3.256–4.269) | <0.0001 *** | 1.353 (1.168–1.567) | <0.0001 *** |
| Chronic kidney disease | 3.870 (3.490–4.292) | <0.0001 *** | 1.559 (1.388–1.751) | <0.0001 *** |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 3.697 (3.339–4.094) | <0.0001 *** | 1.309 (1.172–1.461) | <0.0001 *** |
| Ischemic heart disease | 2.968 (2.669–3.299) | <0.0001 *** | 1.113 (0.990–1.251) | 0.0740 |
| Malignancy | 3.732 (3.369–4.134) | <0.0001 *** | 1.895 (1.705–2.108) | <0.0001 *** |
| Systolic BP | 1.011 (1.008–1.014) | <0.0001 *** | 1.003 (0.999–1.007) | 0.2011 |
| Diastolic BP | 0.984 (0.979–0.989) | <0.0001 *** | 1.004 (0.997–1.010) | 0.2987 |
| Laboratory results | ||||
| Hemoglobin | 0.706 (0.692–0.721) | <0.0001 *** | 0.852 (0.823–0.882) | <0.0001 *** |
| Creatinine | 1.026 (1.014–1.038) | <0.0001 *** | 1.003 (0.980–1.001) | 0.7834 |
| Total cholesterol | 0.992 (0.991–0.993) | <0.0001 *** | 1.000 (0.998–1.001) | 0.5740 |
| HDL | 0.999 (0.996–1.001) | 0.2544 | 0.9999 (0.997–1.002) | 0.6149 |
| LDL | 0.996 (0.995–0.998) | <0.0001 *** | 1.000 (0.999–1.001) | 0.7927 |
| Triglyceride | 0.998 (0.997–0.998) | <0.0001 *** | 1.000 (1.000–1.001) | 0.8350 |
CI, confidence interval, ULT, urate-lowering therapy, BMI, body mass index, BP, blood pressure, HDL, high-density lipoprotein, LDL, low-density lipoprotein, a non-drinking and light drinking (1–2 times/week), b moderate drinking (≥3 times/week), *** p < 0.001.