Table 3.
Frequency of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) Type by Group: n (%) a.
| ACE Version | ACE Type | CP/HRCP (n = 77) |
Controls (n = 85) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kaiser & Philadelphia |
Lack of food, clothing, home, protection | 2 (3%) | 2 (2%) |
| Sexual Abuse | 3 (4%) | 4 (5%) | |
| Jail | 4 (5%) | 8 (10%) d | |
| Mental Abuse | 5 (6%) | 8 (9%) | |
| Physical Abuse | 5 (7%) c | 8 (9%) | |
| Violent Harm | 6 (8%) | 7 (8%) | |
| Drugs | 8 (10%) | 8 (9%) | |
| Mental Illness | 8 (10%) | 9 (11%) | |
| Feelings of being unprotected | 7 (9%) | 10 (12%) | |
| Divorce | 29 (38%) | 29 (34%) | |
| Philadelphia only | Witness violence b | 2 (2%) c | 1 (1%) |
| Experience in Foster Care b | 2 (3%) | 4 (5%) | |
| Discrimination b | 15 (20%) | 14 (17%) |
a Actual total sample sizes across types vary between 88 and 121 due to ambiguous non-responses and inclusion of 3 additional items on the Philadelphia ACEs version, so both type and group n are reported. Therefore, rates are likely to be underestimates. b Item was included on Philadelphia ACEs but not the Kaiser ACEs version. c based on n = 76. d based on n = 84. Note. CP, Cerebral Palsy; HRCP, High Risk for CP.