Table 1.

Time × group interaction in the health-related quality of life dimensions of adapted taekwondo, multicomponent training, walking exercise, and control groups.

	Group	Before		After		Time × Group p Value	Time × Group F Value	ηp2
		Mean	SD	Mean	SD
Physical functioning (%)	TKD	84.6	14.2	91.7	13.2	0.159	1.75	0.081
	MCT	80.0	12.1	91.6	16.5
	WE	85.3	15.6	77.1	21.7
	CG	60.8	24.6	64.2	28.7
Body pain (%)	TKD	44.2	19.0	77.3	25.9	0.041	3.31	0.122
	MCT	52.2	19.6	81.4	22.8
	WE	56.6	14.3	63.8	25.2
	CG	45.0	14.8	63.3	18.3
Role limitation-physical (%)	TKD	91.7	19.5	95.8	14.4	0.924	0.15	0.007
	MCT	93.8	14.4	93.8	19.4
	WE	97.4	11.5	97.4	11.5
	CG	91.7	19.5	94.4	19.2
Role limitation-emotional (%)	TKD	95.8	14.4	95.8	14.4	0.542	0.73	0.033
	MCT	93.8	17.1	96.9	12.5
	WE	90.4	25.6	91.2	24.4
	CG	86.1	25.5	75.2	22.7
Mental health (%)	TKD	66.3	18.6	66.0	16.0	0.109	0.42	0.089
	MCT	61.0	17.0	67.0	11.5
	WE	63.6	11.8	60.4	13.5
	CG	56.3	12.7	70.8	14.4
Social functioning (%)	TKD	65.6	23.3	70.8	24.0	0.945	0.12	0.006
	MCT	62.5	25.4	62.5	18.3
	WE	69.1	15.8	69.7	24.0
	CG	47.9	14.9	52.5	13.4
Vitality (%)	TKD	65.8	12.4	69.2	19.5	0.547	0.72	0.038
	MCT	66.9	14.2	58.1	12.9
	WE	64.7	9.9	59.2	17.1
	CG	48.3	14.2	45.8	24.8
General health (%)	TKD	54.2	21.4	78.8	20.1	0.007	2.27	0.084
	MCT	58.4	13.9	73.1	22.6
	WE	56.8	17.6	60.5	18.2
	CG	49.1	16.5	54.1	24.3

TKD: adapted taekwondo. MCT: multicomponent training. WE: walking exercise. CG: control group. ηp²: partial eta square.