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Appearance of (a) ASTM C150 Type V (sulfate-resistant) concrete [43], (b) 40% blast furnace slag concrete, (c) 5% silica fume concrete, and (d) 10% silica fume concrete after exposure to Thiobacillus ferrooxidans. The concrete in (a,b) shows etching and staining in the immersed zone, while the ones in (c,d) show slight etching in the immersed zone. Reproduced with permission from Berndt [43]. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd., Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
