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(a) Schematic of the Al/LiNbO3/Pt memristive synapse. Surface FE-SEM images of the (b) LN-180, (c) LN-250, and (d) LN-320 layers grown on (111) Pt/SiO2/Si substrates at different temperatures of 180, 250, and 320 °C, respectively. (e) Wide-angle XRD patterns of the LN-180, LN-250, and LN-320 samples. (f) Deconvoluted XRD pattern at the Bragg angle of ~40.1°, showing the portions of (111) Pt and (113) LiNbO3 phases. The insets in (b–d) show the zoomed-in view of each sample.
